{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:43:25Z","timestamp":1784288605106,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10713\u2013001\u2013006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10713\u2013001\u2013006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10713\u2013001\u2013005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10713\u2013001\u2013005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10101002\u2013003\u2013002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10101002\u2013003\u2013002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emergency Response Mechanism Operation Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004476","name":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["131031001000015001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131031001000015001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To understand Clonorchis sinensis reinfection and the determinants of reinfection in endemic areas is important in establishment of control measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was implemented in Hengxian County, Guangxi, China. Individuals with C. sinensis infection were completely treated, and those cured were enrolled as study subjects and followed up for 3, 6, and 12 months. The reinfection frequency and incidence were calculated, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to capture reinfection determinants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 635 enrolled subjects, 436 (68.7%) completed follow-up. Of these, 177 (40.6%) were reinfected; 133 (75.1%) were reinfected once, 41 (23.2%) twice, and 3 (1.7%) three times. The incidence of reinfection was 64.0 per 100 person-years. Men (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14\u20132.44), those with underlying diseases (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.95), and those with moderate- or heavy-intensity infections (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14\u20131.85) had increasing reinfection probabilities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>C. sinensis reinfection is high in endemic areas. Men and high-intensity infection are important determinants of reinfection. Repeated chemotherapy is necessary to control reinfection and its associated morbidities, especially in high-risk individuals. In addition, behavioral education is advised to decrease overall reinfection in endemic areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T19:10:18Z","timestamp":1628449818000},"page":"481-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Clonorchis sinensis<\/i> Reinfection Rate and Reinfection Determinants: A Prospective Cohort Study in Hengxian County, Guangxi, China"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Zhongjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualei","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and 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Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingdan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 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