{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:28:57Z","timestamp":1792740537396,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The association between childhood diarrheal disease and linear growth faltering in developing countries is well described. However, the impact attributed to specific pathogens has not been elucidated, nor has the impact of recommended antibiotic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Global Enteric Multicenter Study enrolled children with moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) seeking healthcare at 7 sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. At enrollment, we collected stool samples to identify enteropathogens. Length\/height was measured at enrollment and follow-up, approximately 60 days later, to calculate change in height-for-age z scores (\u0394HAZ). The association of pathogens with \u0394HAZ was tested using linear mixed effects regression models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 8077 MSD cases analyzed, the proportion with stunting (HAZ below \u22121) increased from 59% at enrollment to 65% at follow-up (P &amp;lt; .0001). Pathogens significantly associated with linear growth decline included Cryptosporidium (P &amp;lt; .001), typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (P = .01), and untreated Shigella (P = .009) among infants (aged 0\u201311 months) and enterotoxigenic E. coli encoding heat-stable toxin (P &amp;lt; .001) and Cryptosporidium (P = .03) among toddlers (aged 12\u201323 months). Shigella-infected toddlers given antibiotics had improved linear growth (P = .02).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Linear growth faltering among children aged 0\u201323 months with MSD is associated with specific pathogens and can be mitigated with targeted treatment strategies, as demonstrated for Shigella.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T11:17:50Z","timestamp":1631099870000},"page":"S848-S855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Pathogens Associated With Linear Growth Faltering in Children With Diarrhea and Impact of Antibiotic Treatment: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Dilruba","family":"Nasrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C","family":"Blackwelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halvor","family":"Sommerfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child health (CISMAC) and Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen"},{"name":"Cluster for Global Health, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer H","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Panchalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 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pour le D\u00e9veloppement des Vaccins, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F B","family":"Reiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection Division, Kenya Office of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipika","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu S G","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita K M","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, 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