{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:05:57Z","timestamp":1740128757870,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The association of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies with protection from influenza among healthcare personnel (HCP) with occupational exposure to influenza viruses has not been well-described.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial was a cluster-randomized, multisite study that compared medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing viral respiratory infections among HCP in outpatient healthcare settings for 5180 participant-seasons. Serum HAI antibody titers before each influenza season and influenza virus infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction were studied over 4 study years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In univariate models, the risk of influenza A(H3N2) and B virus infections was associated with HAI titers to each virus, study year, and site. HAI titers were strongly associated with vaccination. Within multivariate models, each log base 2 increase in titer was associated with 15%, 26% and 33%\u201335% reductions in the hazard of influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1), and B infections, respectively. Best models included preseason antibody titers and study year, but not other variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HAI titers were associated with protection from influenza among HCP with routine exposure to patients with respiratory illness and influenza season contributed to risk. HCP can be reassured about receiving influenza vaccination to stimulate immunity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T19:51:31Z","timestamp":1631649091000},"page":"891-902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of Preseason Antibodies Against Influenza Virus on Risk of Influenza Infection Among Healthcare Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey J","family":"Gorse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M","family":"Rattigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kirpich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Simberkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary T","family":"Bessesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Gibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann-Christine","family":"Nyquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie Savor","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Lewis J","family":"Radonovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trish M","family":"Perl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria C","family":"Rodriguez-Barradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, Michael E. 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