{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:11:09Z","timestamp":1785247869581,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Mid-career Research Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Africa has the highest number of pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In some studies, HIV has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, the pathophysiological mechanism leading to adverse fetal outcomes is not known. Maternal vascular malformation, chorioamnionitis, and decreased placental weight have been described as placental features associated with HIV in some studies. The use of antiretroviral therapy has reduced perinatal transmission of HIV and adverse fetal outcomes. However, placental mechanisms associated with HIV and the fetal immune response to maternal HIV infection are poorly understood. Additional research is required to understand whether altered maternal immunity in women living with HIV can trigger fetal responses leading to stillbirth or preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T19:19:24Z","timestamp":1633029564000},"page":"S691-S693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["HIV, Placental Lesions, and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Salome","family":"Maswime,","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Pule,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zama","family":"Mtshali,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Chawana,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushi","family":"Matjila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120913213517300_CIT0001","author":"UNAIDS."},{"key":"2021120913213517300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-138","article-title":"Pregnancy loss and role of infant HIV status on perinatal mortality among HIV-infected women.","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2021120913213517300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00207-6","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes associated with maternal HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"3","author":"Wedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2021120913213517300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199011000-00006","article-title":"Infection with HIV as a risk factor for adverse obstetrical outcome.","volume":"4","author":"Temmerman","year":"1990","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2021120913213517300_CIT0005","volume-title":"A neglected tragedy. 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