{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:31:49Z","timestamp":1773455509849,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional Intramural Funding","award":["IM\/SK\/12-13\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IM\/SK\/12-13\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the densely populated slums of Kolkata, informal healthcare providers\u2019 (IHP) diarrhea-related knowledge and rationality of practices should be improved to reduce risk of adverse outcome, expenditure, and antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A multicomponent intervention was conducted among 140 representative IHPs in the slums of 8 wards in Kolkata to assess its impact on their diarrhea-related knowledge and practice. Six intervention modules in local languages were provided (1 per month) with baseline (N\u2005=\u2005140) and postintervention (N\u2005=\u2005124) evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mean overall (61.1 to 69.3; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001) and domain-specific knowledge scores for etiology\/spread (5.4 to 8.1; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001), management (6.4 to 7.2; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001), and oral rehydration solution ([ORS] 5.7 to 6.5; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001) increased significantly (at \u03b1\u2005=\u20050.05) after intervention and were well retained. Impact on knowledge regarding etiology\/spread (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2005=\u20055.6; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001), cholera (aOR\u2005=\u20052.0; P\u2005=\u2005.0041), management (aOR\u2005=\u20053.1; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001), ORS (aOR\u2005=\u20052.3; P\u2005=\u2005.0008), and overall (aOR\u2005=\u20054.3; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001) were significant. Intervention worked better for IHPs who practiced for \u226510 years (aOR\u2005=\u20053.2; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001), untrained IHPs (aOR\u2005=\u20054.8; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001), and pharmacists (aOR\u2005=\u20058.3; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001). Irrational practices like empirical antibiotic use for every cholera case (aOR\u2005=\u20050.3; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001) and investigation for every diarrhea case (aOR\u2005=\u20050.4; P\u2005=\u2005.0003) were reduced. Rationality of testing (aOR\u2005=\u20054.2; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001) and antibiotic use (aOR\u2005=\u20051.8; P\u2005=\u2005.0487) improved.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multicomponent educational intervention resulted in sustainable improvement in diarrhea-related knowledge and practices among IHPs in slums of Kolkata. Policy implications should be advocated along with implementation and scale-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T13:01:49Z","timestamp":1633006909000},"page":"S890-S900","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intervention to Improve Diarrhea-Related Knowledge and Practices Among Informal Healthcare Providers in Slums of Kolkata"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Tanmay","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanchita","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 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