{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:35:37Z","timestamp":1777581337547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Berlin University Alliance GC2 Global Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RAPID, 01KI2006F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RAPID, 01KI2006F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB-TR 84"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB-TR 84"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 3R"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The upper respiratory tract (URT) is the primary entry site for severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses, but its involvement in viral amplification and pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we investigated primary nasal epithelial cultures, as well as vital explanted tissues, to scrutinize the tropism of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the recently emerged B.1.1.7 variant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our analyses revealed a widespread replication competence of SARS-CoV-2 in polarized nasal epithelium as well as in the examined URT and salivary gland tissues, which was also shared by the B.1.1.7 virus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In our analyses, we highlighted the active role of these anatomic sites in coronavirus disease 2019.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T12:01:36Z","timestamp":1634126496000},"page":"2020-2024","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 Replication in Explant Cultures of the Human Upper Respiratory Tract Reveals Broad Tissue Tropism of Wild-Type and B.1.1.7 Variant Viruses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Schulze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit 17 \u201cInfluenza and other Respiratory Viruses\u201d, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christin","family":"Mache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit 17 \u201cInfluenza and other Respiratory Viruses\u201d, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Bal\u00e1zs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Niemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health and German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Olze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Dommerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Drosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health and German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas C","family":"Hocke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus A","family":"Mall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, 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