{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:30:34Z","timestamp":1790512234938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005369","name":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14-P01-GHA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-P01-GHA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005369","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Multilateral Initiative on Malaria-Training in Tropical Diseases","award":["A11034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A11034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cerebral malaria (CM) may cause death or long-term neurological damage in children, and several host genetic risk factors have been reported. Malaria-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G3 antibodies are crucial to human immune response against malaria. The hinge region of IgG3 exhibits length polymorphism (with long [L], medium [M], and short [S] alleles), which may influence its functionality. We studied IgG3 hinge region length polymorphisms in 136 Ghanaian children with malaria. Using logistic regression models, we found that children with the recessive MM allotype encoding medium IgG3 hinge region length had an increased risk of CM (adjusted odds ratio, 6.67 [95% confidence interval,1.30\u201334.32]; P=.004) . This has implications for future epidemiological studies on CM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T19:12:06Z","timestamp":1635275526000},"page":"1786-1790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of Immunoglobulin G3 Hinge Region Length Polymorphism With Cerebral Malaria in Ghanaian Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Kyei-Baafour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwadwo A","family":"Kusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fareed K N","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Sarkodie-Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Theisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dodoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3622-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bright","family":"Adu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/60123dd4-en","volume-title":"World malaria report 2020: 20 years of global progress and challenges","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90703-8","article-title":"Cerebral malaria: what is unarousable coma?","volume":"335","author":"Newton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00025-08","article-title":"Acquired immunity to malaria.","volume":"22","author":"Doolan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e320","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040320","article-title":"Long-term clinical protection from falciparum malaria is strongly associated with IgG3 antibodies to merozoite surface protein 3.","volume":"4","author":"Roussilhon","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(98)00075-5","article-title":"The influence of the hinge region length in binding of human IgG to human Fcgamma receptors.","volume":"59","author":"Redpath","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008083","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008083","article-title":"Hinge length contributes to the phagocytic activity of HIV-specific IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies.","volume":"16","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)75181-3","article-title":"Primary structure of the \u201chinge\u201d region of human IgG3. Probable quadruplication of a 15-amino acid residue basic unit.","volume":"252","author":"Michaelsen","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0008","first-page":"441","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children.","volume":"71","author":"Molyneux","year":"1989","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00506-07","article-title":"Levels of soluble CD163 and severity of malaria in children in Ghana.","volume":"15","author":"Kusi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.08.005","article-title":"Differential var gene transcription in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients with cerebral malaria compared to hyperparasitaemia.","volume":"150","author":"Kyriacou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-4-48","article-title":"Cytophilic antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein are associated with malaria protection in an area of holoendemic transmission.","volume":"4","author":"Lusingu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70247-7","article-title":"Pathogenesis, clinical features, and neurological outcome of cerebral malaria.","volume":"4","author":"Idro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2022051716050390600_CIT0013","article-title":"Severe malarial anemia (SMA) pathophysiology and the use of phytotherapeutics as treatment options.","volume-title":"Current topics in anemia","author":"Mavondo","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiab548\/41512004\/jiab548.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/225\/10\/1786\/43712489\/jiab548.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/225\/10\/1786\/43712489\/jiab548.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T19:10:26Z","timestamp":1652814626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/225\/10\/1786\/6413721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiab548","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]}}}