{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:43:46Z","timestamp":1790613826331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["47029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["47029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Grand Challenges in Global Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43-TW005509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43-TW005509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) bind and sequester in deep vascular beds, causing malaria-related disease and death. In pregnant women, VAR2CSA binds to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and mediates placental sequestration, making it the major placental malaria (PM) vaccine target.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we characterize an invariant protein associated with PM called P falciparum chondroitin sulfate A ligand (PfCSA-L).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recombinant PfCSA-L binds both placental CSA and VAR2CSA with nanomolar affinity, and it is coexpressed on the iRBC surface with VAR2CSA. Unlike VAR2CSA, which is anchored by a transmembrane domain, PfCSA-L is peripherally associated with the outer surface of knobs through high-affinity protein-protein interactions with VAR2CSA. This suggests that iRBC sequestration involves complexes of invariant and variant surface proteins, allowing parasites to maintain both diversity and function at the iRBC surface.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The PfCSA-L is a promising target for intervention because it is well conserved, exposed on infected cells, and expressed and localized with VAR2CSA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T19:11:33Z","timestamp":1635189093000},"page":"2011-2022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Invariant Protein That Colocalizes With VAR2CSA on <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>-Infected Red Cells Binds to Chondroitin Sulfate A"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Gladys J","family":"Keitany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"University of Washington, Department of Pathobiology , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany J","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold T","family":"Obiakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaji","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atis","family":"Muehlenbachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Medical Center, Anatomic Pathology , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Semblat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Biologie Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, Inserm , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Gamain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Biologie Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, Inserm , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Y A","family":"Doritchamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay A","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Narum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Saveria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Vignali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew V","family":"Oleinikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"University of Washington, Department of Pathobiology , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4483-5005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick E","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"University of Washington, Department of Pathobiology , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 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