{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T23:50:52Z","timestamp":1784245852269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009947","name":"Merck Sharp & Dohme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30002000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30002000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007553","name":"AIDS Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2009063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Within the ongoing AGEhIV Cohort Study in Amsterdam, we prospectively compared the incidence of and risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013positive and HIV-negative participants. Moreover, we compared SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody levels between participants with incident infection from both groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Starting in September 2020, consenting HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants were assessed every 6 months for incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, using combined immunoglobulin (Ig) A\/IgM\/IgG SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay. Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated risk factors were assessed from 27 February 2020 through 30 April 2021, using complementary log-log regression. In those with incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, nucleocapsid (N) antibody levels were compared between groups using linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study included 241 HIV-positive (99.2% virally suppressed) and 326 HIV-negative AGEhIV participants. The cumulative SARS-CoV-2 incidence by April 2021 was 13.4% and 11.6% in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants, respectively (P\u2005=\u2005.61). Younger age and African origin were independently associated with incident infection. In those with incident infection, only self-reported fever, but not HIV status, was associated with higher N antibody levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-positive individuals with suppressed viremia and adequate CD4 cell counts had similar risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and similar SARS-CoV-2\u00a0N antibody levels after infection compared with a comparable HIV-negative cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT01466582.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T20:11:19Z","timestamp":1639685479000},"page":"1937-1947","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Similar Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Similar Nucleocapsid Antibody Levels in People With Well-Controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and a Comparable Cohort of People Without HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Myrthe L","family":"Verburgh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Monitoring Foundation , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand W N M","family":"Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"HIV Monitoring Foundation , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten F","family":"Schim van der Loeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"van der Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"HIV Monitoring Foundation , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margreet","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeltje A","family":"Kootstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"van der Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060114574161800_CIT0001","author":"Rijksoverheid.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022060114574161800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30371-6","article-title":"Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross-sectional 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