{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:05:46Z","timestamp":1792785946495,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some vaccines elicit nonspecific immune responses that may protect against heterologous infections. We evaluated the association between recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine (RZV) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes at Kaiser Permanente Southern California.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cohort design, adults aged \u226550 years who received \u22651 RZV dose before 1 March 2020 were matched 1:2 to unvaccinated individuals and followed until 31 December 2020. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for COVID-19 outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. In a test-negative design, cases had a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test and controls had only negative tests, during 1 March\u201331 December 2020. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs for RZV receipt were estimated using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the cohort design, 149\u2005244 RZV recipients were matched to 298\u2005488 unvaccinated individuals. The aHRs for COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization were 0.84 (95% CI, .81\u2013.87) and 0.68 (95% CI, .64\u2013.74), respectively. In the test-negative design, 8.4% of 75\u2005726 test-positive cases and 13.1% of 340\u2005898 test-negative controls had received \u22651 RZV dose (aOR, 0.84 [95% CI, .81\u2013.86]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RZV vaccination was associated with a 16% lower risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and 32% lower risk of hospitalization. Further study of vaccine-induced nonspecific immunity for potential attenuation of future pandemics is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T15:11:14Z","timestamp":1640272274000},"page":"1915-1922","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Recombinant Adjuvanted Zoster Vaccine and Reduced Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Katia J","family":"Bruxvoort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena, California , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Ackerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina S","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Bhavsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline , Wavre , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung Fu","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena, California , USA"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. 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