{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:28:32Z","timestamp":1793262512063,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 I01 CX000920-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 I01 CX000920-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2I01CX000920-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2I01CX000920-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI104681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI104681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Superior gut colonization may underlie the pandemic emergence of the resistance-associated H30 subclone of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131-H30). Little is known about the associated host and bacterial characteristics, or the comparative persistence of non-ST131 intestinal E. coli.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Generic and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates from volunteers\u2019 serial fecal samples underwent clonal analysis and extensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based characterization (phylogroup, selected sequence types, virulence genes). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis using penalized regression (a machine-learning method) were used to identify correlates of strain persistence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Screening of 2005 subjects at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center identified 222 subjects (117 veterans, 105 human and animal household members) for longitudinal fecal surveillance. Analysis of their 585 unique-by-subject fecal E. coli strains identified multiple epidemiological, ecological, and bacterial correlates of strain persistence. ST131-H30, a strong univariable correlate of persistence, was superseded in multivariable analysis by outpatient status, fluoroquinolone resistance, and diverse (predominantly iron uptake-related) virulence genes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ST131-H30 exhibits exceptional intestinal persistence, possibly due to a combination of fluoroquinolone resistance and virulence factors, which may be primarily colonization factors. This identifies both likely contributors to the ST131-H30 pandemic and potential targets for interventions against it.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T04:22:50Z","timestamp":1640924570000},"page":"2197-2207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Intestinal Persistence of Colonizing <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> Strains, Especially ST131-<i>H<\/i>30, in Relation to Bacterial and Host Factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"James R","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Clabots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tricia","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Thuras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"},{"name":"University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061517114021700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00049-2","article-title":"Medical and economic impact of extraintestinal infections due to Escherichia coli: an overlooked epidemic.","volume":"5","author":"Russo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2022061517114021700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.160148","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infections in patients with pyelonephritis, United States.","volume":"22","author":"Talan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Inf Dis"},{"key":"2022061517114021700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12646","article-title":"Pandemic lineages of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli.","volume":"20","author":"Riley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2022061517114021700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5694","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322678111","article-title":"Global dissemination of a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clone.","volume":"111","author":"Petty","year":"2014","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2022061517114021700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofx089","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx089","article-title":"The pandemic H30 subclone of sequence type 131 (ST131) is the leading cause of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli infections in the United States (2011-2012).","volume":"4","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022061517114021700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00125-13","article-title":"Escherichia coli ST131, an intriguing clonal 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