{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:14:05Z","timestamp":1790766845561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JA 662\/22-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JA 662\/22-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The possibility of repeat infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) raises questions regarding quality and longevity of the virus-induced immune response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The antibody course and memory B-cell (MBC) response against SARS-CoV-2 proteins, influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), and tetanus toxin were examined in adults with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first year after infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibodies was low compared with the concentration of influenza virus NP-specific antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody half-life increased from 95 days in the first 6 months to 781 days after 9\u201312 months. The SARS-CoV-2 NP antibody half-life increased from 88 to 248 days. Two thirds of the subjects had SARS-CoV-2-specific MBC responses 12 months after infection. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels correlated with the MBC frequency at 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The low concentration of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies indicates that re-exposure to the virus or vaccination are required to use the B-cell immunity to full capacity. The existence of a robust SARS-CoV-2 MBC response at 12 months in most subjects and the substantially increasing antibody half-life provide evidence that the immune response is developing into long-term immunity. The early antibody reaction and the ensuing MBC response are interdependent.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T12:08:43Z","timestamp":1643371723000},"page":"664-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Antibody Course and Memory B-Cell Response in the First Year After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Kannenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Trawinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Henschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymund","family":"Buhmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"H\u00f6nemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Jassoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022090418290141700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00575-4","article-title":"Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study.","volume":"397","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022090418290141700_CIT0002","first-page":"100734","article-title":"Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 decline, but do not disappear for several months.","volume":"32","author":"Yamayoshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClin. 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