{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T10:56:35Z","timestamp":1784285795837,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vastra G\u00f6taland Regionen"},{"name":"Rune and Ulla Aml\u00f6vs Stiftelse"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001388","name":"Wenner-Gren Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GFoh2019-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GFoh2019-0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006310","name":"Swedish Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["523-2013-2750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["523-2013-2750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006310","name":"Swedish Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-01135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-01135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006310","name":"Swedish Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-02732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-02732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Government","award":["ALFGBG-823941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-823941"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Government","award":["ALFGBG-933787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-933787"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Government","award":["ALFGBG-770411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-770411"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Government","award":["ALFBGB-827291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFBGB-827291"]}]},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital Foundations"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is a novel immunosuppressive drug for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may cause encephalitis during primary infection or following reactivation from a latent state. Long-term tofacitinib treatment may increase the risk of this life-threatening condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tofacitinib on HSV-1 primary infection using a mouse model. Mice pretreated with tofacitinib were intranasally infected with a clinical strain of HSV-1 and monitored for infection severity and antiviral response. Tofacitinib treatment of HSV-1 primary infection resulted in increased viral loads and worsened clinical outcome. Furthermore, tofacitinib promoted M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia and infiltrating monocytes, as well as inhibited production of inflammatory and antiviral cytokines by macrophages in vitro. Our findings show that treatment with tofacitinib increases severity of herpes simplex encephalitis in mice, by impairing antiviral response induced by monocytes and microglia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T12:08:31Z","timestamp":1643717311000},"page":"1545-1553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tofacitinib Treatment in Primary Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Interferes With Antiviral Response"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Krzyzowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Jarneborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Thorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022110412084786100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0140765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140765","article-title":"Global and regional estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in 2012.","volume":"10","author":"Looker","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022110412084786100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0433-7","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in adults: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.","volume":"13","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2022110412084786100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1086\/521262","article-title":"Herpes simplex encephalitis in Sweden, 1990\u20132001: incidence, morbidity, and mortality.","volume":"45","author":"Hjalmarsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022110412084786100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.09.004","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of herpes simplex encephalitis in Denmark: a nationwide registry-based cohort study.","volume":"74","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2022110412084786100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.201","article-title":"JAK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for immune and inflammatory diseases.","volume":"16","author":"Schwartz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2022110412084786100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401867","article-title":"Mechanisms of Jak\/STAT signaling in immunity and disease.","volume":"194","author":"Villarino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2022110412084786100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0701-9","article-title":"JAK-STAT signaling as a target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: current and future prospects.","volume":"77","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2022110412084786100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i43","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key276","article-title":"JAK-inhibitors. 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