{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:05:48Z","timestamp":1792785948609,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Broad Agency Announcement: Genomic Epidemiology of Community-Onset Invasive USA300 MRSA Infections","award":["75D30118C02923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30118C02923"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI007528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rackham Predoctoral Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital-onset (HO) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have declined over the past decade due to infection control strategies; community-onset (CO) and healthcare-associated community-onset (HACO) MRSA, particularly USA300, has declined less. We examined the role of community strains to explain the difference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on MRSA clinical isolates from Cook County Health patients during 2011\u20132014. We defined infections as CO, HO, or HACO epidemiologically. We integrated genomic, community exposure, and statewide hospital discharge data to infer MRSA origin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1020 individuals with available WGS, most were USA300 wound infections (580 CO, 143 HO, 297 HACO). USA300 HO, CO, and HACO infections were intermixed on the USA300 phylogeny, consistent with common strains circulating across community and healthcare settings. Community exposures (eg, substance abuse, incarceration, homelessness) were associated with HACO and HO infections, and genetically linked individuals from both groups had little overlap in healthcare facilities, supporting community origins. Most repeat infections\u2014over months to years\u2014occurred in individuals persistently carrying their own strains. These individuals were more likely to have genetic linkages, suggesting a role of persistent colonization in transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Efforts to reduce presumed nosocomial USA300 spread may require understanding and controlling community sources and transmission networks, particularly for repeat infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T15:12:18Z","timestamp":1644851538000},"page":"157-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Genomic Epidemiology Suggests Community Origins of Healthcare-Associated USA300 Methicillin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Stephanie N","family":"Thiede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan S","family":"Snitkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Trick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook County Health, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darjai","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Aroutcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center\/Cook County Health , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center\/Cook County Health , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle J","family":"Popovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center\/Cook County Health , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022102718404138200_jiac056-CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043252","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in three communities.","volume":"352","author":"Fridkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J 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