{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:50:45Z","timestamp":1790707845730,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Rollout of meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine in Africa started in 2010, aiming to eliminate meningitis outbreaks, in meningitis belt countries. Since then, studies have been conducted, primarily using isolates, to assess the vaccine impact on the distribution of meningococcal strains in the region. Here, we implemented an innovative, culture-free whole-genome sequencing approach on almost 400 clinical specimens collected between 2017 and 2019 from meningococcal meningitis cases in 6 African countries. About 50% of specimens provided high-quality whole-genome sequence data for comprehensive molecular profiling of the meningococcal pathogen. Three major clonal complexes were identified: CC11 associated with serogroup W, CC181 associated with serogroup X, and CC10217 associated with serogroup C, which continues to rise as a predominant clonal complex in the region. Genomic surveillance for meningococcal meningitis can be significantly improved using culture-free methods to increase data representativeness and monitor changes in epidemiological landscape, especially for countries with low culture rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T12:07:19Z","timestamp":1647864439000},"page":"729-737","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Enhancing Meningococcal Genomic Surveillance in the Meningitis Belt Using High-Resolution Culture-Free Whole-Genome Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1585-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Itsko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WDS Inc, Contractor to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadav","family":"Topaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation field employee assigned to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sani","family":"Ousmane-Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire , Niamey , Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheal","family":"Popoola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nigeria Centre for Disease Control , Abuja , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmata","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 du Burkina Faso , Ouagadougou , Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadidja","family":"Gamougam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence National , N\u2019Djamena , Chad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adodo Yao","family":"Sadji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Protection Sociale du Togo , Lom\u00e9 , Togo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abass","family":"Abdul-Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana Health Services, Zonal Public Health Laboratory , Tamale , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lascols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation field employee assigned to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022090418284969400_CIT0001","first-page":"133","article-title":"Control of epidemic meningitis in countries in the African meningitis belt, 2019.","volume":"95","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"2022090418284969400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0910.030182","article-title":"Environmental risk and meningitis epidemics in Africa.","volume":"9","author":"Molesworth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022090418284969400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6196-9","article-title":"Environmental, economic and socio-cultural risk factors of recurrent seasonal epidemics of cerebrospinal meningitis in Kebbi state, northwestern Nigeria: a qualitative approach.","volume":"18","author":"Omoleke","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2022090418284969400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90106-2","article-title":"Manson Lecture. Meningococcal meningitis in Africa.","volume":"93","author":"Greenwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022090418284969400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30301-8","article-title":"Impact of MenAfriVac in nine countries of the African meningitis belt, 2010-15: an analysis of surveillance data.","volume":"17","author":"Trotter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022090418284969400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.02.054","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships and regional spread of meningococcal strains in the meningitis belt, 2011-2016.","volume":"41","author":"Topaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2022090418284969400_CIT0007","volume-title":"Defeating meningitis by 2030: a global road map.","author":"World Health Organization 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