{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:59:12Z","timestamp":1787507952264,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121F00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121F00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Award","award":["UL1 TR002243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002243"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study objective was to evaluate 2- and 3-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization among adult solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a 21-site case-control analysis of 10 425 adults hospitalized in March to December 2021. Cases were hospitalized with COVID-19; controls were hospitalized for an alternative diagnosis (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-negative). Participants were classified as follows: SOT recipient (n\u2005=\u2005440), other immunocompromising condition (n\u2005=\u20051684), or immunocompetent (n\u2005=\u20058301). The VE against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was calculated as 1-adjusted odds ratio of prior vaccination among cases compared with controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among SOT recipients, VE was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], \u221219% to 58%) for 2 doses and 77% (95% CI, 48% to 90%) for 3 doses. Among patients with other immunocompromising conditions, VE was 72% (95% CI, 64% to 79%) for 2 doses and 92% (95% CI, 85% to 95%) for 3 doses. Among immunocompetent patients, VE was 88% (95% CI, 87% to 90%) for 2 doses and 96% (95% CI, 83% to 99%) for 3 doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines was lower for SOT recipients than immunocompetent adults and those with other immunocompromising conditions. Among SOT recipients, vaccination with 3 doses of an mRNA vaccine led to substantially greater protection than 2 doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T17:32:54Z","timestamp":1649266374000},"page":"797-807","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7824-6276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennie H","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W","family":"Tenforde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3952-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjusha","family":"Gaglani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine , Temple, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Keipp","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adit A","family":"Ginde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado , 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Nashville, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Zepeski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan I","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin W","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina , 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