{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:22:17Z","timestamp":1790623337688,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study describes leading causes of hospitalization, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in United States infants (&amp;lt;1 year) from 2009 through 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) data, hospitalizations were determined by primary diagnosis using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or Tenth Revision codes. RSV was defined as 079.6, 466.11, 480.1, B97.4, J12.1, J20.5, or J21.0. Bronchiolitis was defined as 466.19, J21.8, or J21.9. Leading causes overall and by sociodemographic variables were identified. The Kids\u2019 Inpatient Database (KID) was used for confirmatory analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute bronchiolitis due to RSV (code 466.11 or J21.0) was the leading primary diagnosis, accounting for 9.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4%\u20139.9%) and 9.3% (95% CI, 9.0%\u20139.6%) of total infant hospitalizations from January 2009 through September 2015 and October 2015 through December 2019, respectively; it was the leading primary diagnosis in every year accounting for &amp;gt;10% of total infant hospitalizations from December through March, reaching &amp;gt;15% in January\u2013February. From 2009 through 2011, acute bronchiolitis due to RSV was the leading primary diagnosis in every birth month. Acute bronchiolitis due to RSV was the leading cause among all races\/ethnicities, except Asian\/Pacific Islanders, and all insurance payer groups. KID analyses confirmed these results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute bronchiolitis due to RSV is the leading cause of US infant hospitalizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T07:10:33Z","timestamp":1649920233000},"page":"S154-S163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Respiratory Syncytial Virus Is the Leading Cause of United States Infant Hospitalizations, 2009\u20132019: A Study of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9557-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Suh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9300-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naimisha","family":"Movva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren C","family":"Bylsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4089-3846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon P","family":"Fryzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1046-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher B","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi , Swiftwater, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0001","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30938-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study","volume":"390","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S195","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac201","article-title":"A systematic literature review of the burden of respiratory syncytial virus and health care utilization among United States infants younger than 1 year.","volume":"226","author":"Suh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S127","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00510-9","article-title":"Recent trends in severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among US infants, 1997 to 2000","volume":"143","author":"Leader","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e437","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0049","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska Native infants and the general United States infant population","volume":"114","author":"Holman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1392","article-title":"Infectious disease hospitalizations among infants in the United States","volume":"121","author":"Yorita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.04.063","article-title":"Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus among California infants: disparities related to race, insurance, and geography","volume":"149","author":"Sangar\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw163","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw163","article-title":"Insurance status and the risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in United States preterm infants born at 32-35 weeks gestational age","volume":"3","author":"Franklin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0205399","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205399","article-title":"Population-based trends and underlying risk factors for infant respiratory syncytial virus and bronchiolitis hospitalizations","volume":"13","author":"Bennett","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110275","article-title":"Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in healthy late-preterm and term infants","volume":"386","author":"Hammitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2112186","article-title":"Safety of nirsevimab for RSV in infants with heart or lung disease or prematurity","volume":"386","author":"Domachowske","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0012","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0152208","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152208","article-title":"Trends in respiratory syncytial virus and bronchiolitis hospitalization rates in high-risk infants in a United States nationally representative database, 1997\u20132012","volume":"11","author":"Doucette","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0014","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0015","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0016","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0017","author":"McDermott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in hospital inpatient stays in the United States, 2005\u20132014. HCUP Statistical Brief #225"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0018","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0019","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S184","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac155","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus burden and healthcare utilization in United States infants &lt;1 year of age: study of nationally representative databases, 2011\u20132019.","volume":"226","author":"Suh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9571","article-title":"Preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in children","volume":"372","author":"Karron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.01.020","article-title":"Does respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory illness in early life cause recurrent wheeze of early childhood and asthma? Critical review of the evidence and guidance for future studies from a World Health Organization\u2013sponsored meeting","volume":"38","author":"Driscoll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0023","first-page":"543","article-title":"Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"140","author":"Glezen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0024","first-page":"609","volume-title":"Red Book: 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 29th ed","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics.","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.91","article-title":"Prevalence of infant bronchiolitis-coded healthcare encounters attributable to RSV","volume":"1","author":"Turi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.001","article-title":"Administrative database research infrequently used validated diagnostic or procedural codes","volume":"64","author":"van Walraven","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022081708480340800_jiac120-CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2005.00444.x","article-title":"Measuring diagnoses: ICD code accuracy","volume":"40","author":"O\u2019Malley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/226\/Supplement_2\/S154\/45450028\/jiac120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/226\/Supplement_2\/S154\/45450028\/jiac120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T04:49:11Z","timestamp":1660711751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/226\/Supplement_2\/S154\/6666009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiac120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]}}}