{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T14:03:20Z","timestamp":1784037800499,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1U01GH002143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01GH002143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on pregnancy outcomes for women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pregnant women in Kenya were enrolled in the second trimester and followed up to delivery. We estimated effects of treated HIV with 3 pregnancy outcomes: loss, premature birth, and low birth weight and factors associated with HIV-positive status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 2113 participants, 311 (15%) were HIV infected and on ART. Ninety-one of 1762 (5%) experienced a pregnancy loss, 169\/1725 (10%) a premature birth (&amp;lt;37 weeks), and 74\/1317 (6%) had a low-birth-weight newborn (&amp;lt;2500\u2005g). There was no evidence of associations between treated HIV infection and pregnancy loss (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], .65\u20132.16; P\u2009=\u2009.57), prematurity (aRR, 1.09; 95% CI, .70\u20131.70; P\u2009=\u2009.69), and low birth weight (aRR, 1.36; 95% CI, .77\u20132.40; P\u2009=\u2009.27). Factors associated with an HIV-positive status included older age, food insecurity, lower education level, higher parity, lower gestation at first antenatal clinic, anemia, and syphilis. Women who were overweight or underweight were less likely to be HIV infected compared to those with normal weight.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Currently treated HIV was not significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. HIV-infected women, however, had a higher prevalence of other factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T11:10:42Z","timestamp":1649675442000},"page":"678-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparable Pregnancy Outcomes for HIV-Uninfected and HIV-Infected Women on Antiretroviral Treatment in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7516-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrus","family":"Mugo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Nduati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Osoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Kenya , Nairobi , Kenya"},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University , Pullman , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan O","family":"Nyawanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute , Kisumu , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mirieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Kenya , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hunsperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC-Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R","family":"Verani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC-Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coast Referral and Teaching Hospital , Mombasa , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dufton","family":"Mwaengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Maugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Machoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A","family":"Otieno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute , Kisumu , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Ombok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Kenya , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mufida","family":"Shabibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coast Referral and Teaching Hospital , Mombasa , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Okutoyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Quality, Kenyatta National Hospital , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kinuthia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Programs Department, Kenyatta National Hospital , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc Alain","family":"Widdowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC-Kenya, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Nairobi , Kenya"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kariuki","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Kenya , Nairobi , Kenya"},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University , Pullman , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Inwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kenyatta National Hospital , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalton","family":"Wamalwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022090418283367700_jiac128-B1","article-title":"Progress towards the start free, stay free, AIDS free targets, 2020 report","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)."},{"key":"2022090418283367700_jiac128-B2","article-title":"GBD compare. 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