{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:43:10Z","timestamp":1790718190998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004046","name":"Karen Elise Jensens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Augustinusfonden"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010346","name":"Else & Mogens Wedell Wedellborgs Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006197","name":"Fonden til L\u00e6gevidenskabens Fremme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA;"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"University of Southern Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2020EF-3049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2020EF-3049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-2009-StG-243149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2009-StG-243149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001732","name":"Danish National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNRF108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNRF108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal priming with the Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine has been associated with reduced offspring mortality rates. We investigated this association in a cohort of frail neonates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed an observational study within a randomized BCG trial conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Guinea-Bissau from 2015 to 2017. At NICU admission and after informed consent, the maternal scar status was evaluated by visual inspection before neonates were randomized 1:1 to receive BCG + oral polio vaccine immediately or at hospital discharge. Stratified by maternal scar status, we assessed overall in-hospital and postdischarge mortality rates through 42 days of age in Cox proportional hazards models providing adjusted mortality rate ratios (aMRRs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 62% of mothers (903 of 1451) had a BCG vaccine scar. During NICU admission, the mortality risk was 1.7% (15 of 903) for neonates born to mothers with a scar versus 3.3% (18 of 548) for those born to mothers with no scar; the aMRR for maternal scar versus no scar was 0.53 (95% CI, .26\u20131.05), 0.39 (95% CI, .13\u20131.05) for unvaccinated and 0.70 (95% CI, .26\u20131.87) for vaccinated neonates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This small study indicates that maternal BCG vaccine might be associated with reduced all-cause NICU mortality rate. If confirmed elsewhere, this finding would have substantial ramifications for global health.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T20:18:54Z","timestamp":1649881134000},"page":"1237-1244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mortality Risk Among Frail Neonates and Maternal BCG Vaccine Scar Status: Observational Study From Guinea-Bissau"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"227","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7643-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Schaltz-Buchholzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network , Bissau , Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Bandim Health Project, OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8331-1389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Aaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network , Bissau , Guinea-Bissau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaquel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network , Bissau , Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Bandim Health Project, OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network , Bissau , Guinea-Bissau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2403-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias R","family":"Kollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute , Nedlands , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelly","family":"Amenyogbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute , Nedlands , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4128-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Bjerregaard-Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network , Bissau , Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Southwest Denmark , Esbjerg , Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine Stabell","family":"Benn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network , Bissau , Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Bandim Health Project, OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Institute of Advanced Science, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023052916395690200_jiac140-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182458289","article-title":"Small randomized trial among low-birth-weight children receiving bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccination at first health center 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