{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:33:27Z","timestamp":1788287607837,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZonMw"},{"name":"The Netherlands Organization"},{"name":"Health Research and Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u00a0<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The risk of a severe course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in adults with Down syndrome is increased, resulting in an up to 10-fold increase in mortality, in particular in those &amp;gt;40 years of age. After primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the higher risks remain. In this prospective observational cohort study, SARS-CoV-2 spike S1\u2013specific antibody responses after routine SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (BNT162b2, messenger RNA [mRNA]\u20131273, or ChAdOx1) in adults with Down syndrome and healthy controls were compared. Adults with Down syndrome showed lower antibody concentrations after 2 mRNA vaccinations or after 2 ChAdOx1 vaccinations. After 2 mRNA vaccinations, lower antibody concentrations were seen with increasing age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT05145348.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T14:37:50Z","timestamp":1656081470000},"page":"673-677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Decreased Antibody Response After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination in Patients With Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Bianca M M","family":"Streng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Bont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline M","family":"Delemarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob S","family":"Binnendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaby","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerco","family":"den Hartog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia M W","family":"Coppus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Jeroen Bosch Academy Research, Jeroen Bosch Hospital , \u2018s-Hertogenbosch , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel E","family":"Weijerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Alrijne Hospital , Leiderdorp , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Lamberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Alrijne Hospital , Leiderdorp , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation Stichting Down Syndroom , Meppel , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona R","family":"van der Klis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gestur","family":"Vidarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neele","family":"Rave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J","family":"Bont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne G","family":"Wildenbeest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.03.20225359","article-title":"An international survey on the impact of COVID-19 in individuals with Down syndrome","author":"H\u00fcls","journal-title":"medRxiv [Preprint]."},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-4986","article-title":"COVID-19 Mortality risk in Down syndrome: results from a cohort study of 8 million adults","volume":"174","author":"Clift","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-01004-w","article-title":"Individuals with Down syndrome hospitalized with COVID-19 have more severe disease","volume":"23","author":"Malle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B4","first-page":"n2244","article-title":"Risk prediction of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in adults after covid-19 vaccination: national prospective cohort study","volume":"374","author":"Hippisley-cox","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.02.094","article-title":"Antibody responses to natural influenza A\/H1N1\/09 disease or following immunization with adjuvanted vaccines, in immunocompetent and immunocompromised children","volume":"29","author":"Meier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182737410","article-title":"Influenza A\/H1N1 vaccination response is inadequate in Down syndrome children when the latest cut-off values are used","volume":"31","author":"Kusters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa479","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-Specific antibody detection for seroepidemiology: a multiplex analysis approach accounting for accurate seroprevalence","volume":"222","author":"Hartog G","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.03.009","article-title":"Seropositivity to nucleoprotein to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections: a tool to detect breakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"40","author":"van den Hoogen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B9","first-page":"1","article-title":"mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy for solid tumours: a prospective, multicentre, non-inferiority trial","volume":"2045","author":"Oosting","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704773","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.704773","article-title":"The safety and immunogenicity of the mRNA-BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in hemodialysis patients","volume":"12","author":"Zitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.26.20219725","article-title":"Declining prevalence of antibody positivity to SARS-CoV-2: a community study of 36\u2009500 adults.","volume-title":"medRxiv [Preprint]","author":"Ward"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1971522","article-title":"To mix or not to mix? A rapid systematic review of heterologous prime\u2013boost covid-19 vaccination","volume":"20","author":"Chiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.07.022","article-title":"Intrinsic abnormalities of lymphocyte counts in children with Down syndrome","volume":"147","author":"De Hingh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.12.006","article-title":"Distinct abnormalities in the innate immune system of children with Down syndrome","volume":"156","author":"Bloemers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022090418285336800_jiac235-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001700","article-title":"Decreased thymic output accounts for decreased naive T cell numbers in children with Down syndrome","volume":"186","author":"Bloemers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiac235\/44387007\/jiac235.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/226\/4\/673\/45689126\/jiac235.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/226\/4\/673\/45689126\/jiac235.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]],"date-time":"2022-09-04T18:30:13Z","timestamp":1662316213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/226\/4\/673\/6617441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiac235","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]}}}