{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:48:13Z","timestamp":1783730893930,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gates Ventures"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["75D30120C09322 AM002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30120C09322 AM002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32 AI007044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["S10OD028685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD028685"]}]},{"name":"UW Laboratory Medicine Informatics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rhinovirus (RV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in all people, including those experiencing homelessness. RV epidemiology in homeless shelters is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed data from a cross-sectional homeless shelter study in King County, Washington, October 2019\u2013May 2021. Shelter residents or guardians aged \u22653 months reporting acute respiratory illness completed questionnaires and submitted nasal swabs. After 1 April 2020, enrollment expanded to residents and staff regardless of symptoms. Samples were tested by multiplex RT-PCR for respiratory viruses. A subset of RV-positive samples was sequenced.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 1066 RV-positive samples with RV present every month of the study period. RV was the most common virus before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (43% and 77% of virus-positive samples, respectively). Participants from family shelters had the highest prevalence of RV. Among 131 sequenced samples, 33 RV serotypes were identified with each serotype detected for \u22644 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RV infections persisted through community mitigation measures and were most prevalent in shelters housing families. Sequencing showed a diversity of circulating RV serotypes, each detected over short periods of time. Community-based surveillance in congregate settings is important to characterize respiratory viral infections during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT04141917.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T18:13:21Z","timestamp":1656094401000},"page":"S304-S314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Clinical and Genomic Epidemiology of Rhinovirus in Homeless Shelters\u2014King County, Washington"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-9330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric J","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8332-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M","family":"Casto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavitra","family":"Roychoudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Pfau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien V","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaydee","family":"Sereewit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia H","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah N","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin R","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A","family":"Rolfes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2968-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Mosites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Deputy Director for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy 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