{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:27:42Z","timestamp":1793910462660,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe the impact of the US varicella vaccination program on severe varicella outcomes, we analyzed varicella hospitalizations using the National Inpatient Sample 1993\u20132019 and varicella deaths using the National Center for Health Statistics data 1990\u20132019. Over 25 years of vaccination program (1995\u20132019), varicella hospitalizations, and deaths declined 94% and 97%, respectively, among persons aged &amp;lt;50 years. Most of the decline (\u223c90%) occurred during the 1-dose period (through 2006\/2007) by attaining and maintaining high vaccination coverage; additional declines occurred during the 2-dose period, especially in the age groups covered by the 2-dose recommendation. The greatest decline for both hospitalizations and deaths (97% and &amp;gt;99%, respectively) was among persons aged &amp;lt;20 years, born during the varicella vaccination program. In the &amp;lt;20 age group, varicella hospitalization has become a rare event, and varicella deaths have been practically eliminated in the United States. A total of &amp;gt;10 500 varicella hospitalizations and 100 varicella deaths are now prevented annually in the United States as a direct result of vaccination and reduction in varicella-zoster virus circulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T09:23:04Z","timestamp":1661332984000},"page":"S407-S415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Decline in Severe Varicella Disease During the United States Varicella Vaccination Program: Hospitalizations and Deaths, 1990\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana S","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3243-9854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Melgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Dooling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron T","family":"Curns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B1","first-page":"374","volume-title":"Nelson\u2019s Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"LaRussa","year":"2020","edition":"21th ed."},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200210000-00009","article-title":"Hospitalizations for varicella in the United States, 1988 to 1999","volume":"21","author":"Galil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1086\/315714","article-title":"Varicella mortality: trends before vaccine licensure in the United States, 1970-1994","volume":"182","author":"Meyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0012","article-title":"Decline in varicella-related hospitalizations and expenditures for children and adults after introduction of varicella vaccine in the United States","volume":"114","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"56","author":"Marin","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.7.797","article-title":"Impact of varicella vaccination on health care utilization","volume":"294","author":"Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042271","article-title":"Decline in mortality due to varicella after implementation of varicella vaccination in the United States","volume":"352","author":"Nguyen","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.5.606","article-title":"Varicella disease after introduction of varicella vaccine in the United States, 1995\u20132000","volume":"287","author":"Seward","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B9","author":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0962","article-title":"Varicella-related hospitalizations in the United States, 2000\u20132006: the 1-dose varicella vaccination era","volume":"127","author":"Lopez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B11","author":"National Center for Health Statistics"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3385","article-title":"Near elimination of varicella deaths in the US after implementation of the vaccination program","volume":"128","author":"Marin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1480283","article-title":"Update on trends in varicella mortality during the varicella vaccine era-United States, 1990\u20132016","volume":"14","author":"Leung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153741","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3741","article-title":"Global varicella vaccine effectiveness: a meta-analysis","volume":"137","author":"Marin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B15","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B16","first-page":"S416","author":"Elam-Evans","year":"2022"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1086\/522144","article-title":"Varicella outbreak epidemiology in an active surveillance site, 1995\u20132005","volume":"197","author":"Civen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1070","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2085","article-title":"One dose of varicella vaccine does not prevent school outbreaks: is it time for a second dose?","volume":"117","author":"Lopez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B19","first-page":"389","article-title":"Outbreak of varicella among vaccinated children\u2013Michigan, 2003","volume":"53","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6971.2","article-title":"Immunisation against chickenpox","volume":"310","author":"Ross","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X02239651","article-title":"Economic evaluation of vaccination programs: the impact of herd-immunity","volume":"23","author":"Brisson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92943-2","article-title":"Consequences of varicella and herpes zoster in pregnancy: prospective study of 1739 cases","volume":"343","author":"Enders","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B23","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2022102100075339900_jiac242-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.8.1248","article-title":"Tracking varicella deaths: accuracy and completeness of death certificates and hospital discharge records, New York State, 1989\u20131995","volume":"92","author":"Galil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/226\/Supplement_4\/S407\/46582591\/jiac242.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/226\/Supplement_4\/S407\/46582591\/jiac242.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T20:10:10Z","timestamp":1666296610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/226\/Supplement_4\/S407\/6764826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiac242","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]}}}