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Treatment options are limited, and there is urgent need for the development of efficient antivirals. Pattern recognition receptors such as the cytoplasmic helicase retinoic acid\u2013inducible gene (RIG) I can be activated by viral nucleic acids, leading to activation of interferon-stimulated genes and generation of an \u201cantiviral state.\u201d In the current study, we activated RIG-I with synthetic RNA agonists (3pRNA) to induce resistance to RSV infection in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, pretreatment of human, mouse, and ferret airway cell lines with RIG-I agonist before RSV exposure inhibited virus infection and replication. Moreover, a single intravenous injection of 3pRNA 1 day before RSV infection resulted in potent inhibition of virus replication in the lungs of mice and ferrets, but not in nasal tissues. These studies provide evidence that RIG-I agonists represent a promising antiviral drug for RSV prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T08:48:15Z","timestamp":1658393295000},"page":"2079-2088","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Retinoic Acid\u2013Inducible Gene I Activation Inhibits Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells and in Mouse and Ferret Models of Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Lara S U","family":"Schwab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubaiyea","family":"Farrukee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"El\u00e9ou\u00ebt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Virologie et Immunologie Mol\u00e9culaires, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, INRAE , Jouy-en-Josas , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Anne","family":"Rameix-Welti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles St. Quentin ; UMR 1173 (2I), INSERM, Versailles , France"},{"name":"Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Ambroise Par\u00e9, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, DMU15 ; Boulogne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L","family":"Londrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aeron C","family":"Hurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Coch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Zillinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C","family":"Reading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022121410353364100_jiac295-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00323","article-title":"Induction and subversion of human protective immunity: contrasting influenza and respiratory syncytial 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