{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:32:30Z","timestamp":1778657550822,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015988","name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"International Center for Excellence in Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presents with inflammation and pathology of multiple organs in the pediatric population in the weeks following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We characterized the SARS-CoV-2 antigen\u2013specific cytokine and chemokine responses in children with MIS-C, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and other infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MIS-C is characterized by elevated levels of type 1 (interferon-\u03b3, interleukin [IL] 2), type 2 (IL-4, IL-13), type 17 (IL-17), and other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b1, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in comparison to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2\u2013specific antigens. Similarly, upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10 chemokines were significantly elevated in children with MIS-C in comparison to the other 2 groups. Principal component analysis based on these cytokines and chemokines could clearly distinguish MIS-C from both COVID-19 and other infections. In addition, these responses were significantly diminished and normalized 6\u20139 months after recovery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data suggest that MIS-C is characterized by an enhanced production of cytokines and chemokines that may be associated with disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T11:59:26Z","timestamp":1659787166000},"page":"1215-1223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enhanced Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigen\u2013Specific Systemic Immune Responses in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Reversal After Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Nathella Pavan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Venkataraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arul","family":"Nancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICER, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, National Institutes of Health\u2013International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kadar","family":"Moideen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICER, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, National Institutes of Health\u2013International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poovazhagi","family":"Varadarjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elilarasi","family":"Selladurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thankgavelu","family":"Sangaralingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatrics, Dr.Mehta\u2019s Children\u2019s Hospital , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramya","family":"Selvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatrics, Dr.Mehta\u2019s Children\u2019s 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India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umadevi","family":"Radayam Ranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICER, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, National Institutes of Health\u2013International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022092817382222800_jiac304-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20193611","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-3611","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus\u2013associated hospitalizations among young children: 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