{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:20:39Z","timestamp":1787502039571,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24 AI120942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24 AI120942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U19AI142762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U19AI142762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Togaviridae family, genus, Alphavirus, includes several mosquito-borne human pathogens with the potential to spread to near pandemic proportions. Most of these are zoonotic, with spillover infections of humans and domestic animals, but a few such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have the ability to use humans as amplification hosts for transmission in urban settings and explosive outbreaks. Most alphaviruses cause nonspecific acute febrile illness, with pathogenesis sometimes leading to either encephalitis or arthralgic manifestations with severe and chronic morbidity and occasional mortality. The development of countermeasures, especially against CHIKV and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that are major threats, has included vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics that are likely to also be successful for rapid responses with other members of the family. However, further work with these prototypes and other alphavirus pathogens should target better understanding of human tropism and pathogenesis, more comprehensive identification of cellular receptors and entry, and better understanding of structural mechanisms of neutralization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T10:00:34Z","timestamp":1661335234000},"page":"S414-S426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Developing a Prototype Pathogen Plan and Research Priorities for the Alphaviruses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann M","family":"Powers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Fort Collins, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H","family":"Carnahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James E","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen B","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farooq","family":"Nasar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch and Viral Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Henry M. 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