{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T10:22:46Z","timestamp":1774520566514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI142504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI142504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes congenital defects. Sexual transmission of ZIKV was confirmed in a recent epidemic; however, mechanisms behind ZIKV infection and persistence in the male reproductive tract (MRT) are unknown. Previously, we found that approximately 33% of men with symptomatic ZIKV infections shed ZIKV RNA in semen, and some men shed ZIKV RNA for &amp;gt;3 months. Here, we evaluated the semen of 49 ZIKV-infected men to identify immune factors correlating with long-term ZIKV shedding in semen and ZIKV-infected cell types in semen. We found that prolonged ZIKV RNA shedding in semen was associated with MRT inflammation, indicated by higher leukocyte counts and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in semen of long-term versus short-term shedders. In addition, we found ZIKV RNA in seminal leukocytes and epithelial cells. This study of human semen from ZIKV-infected men provides critical insights into the effects of ZIKV on MRT health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T08:04:00Z","timestamp":1659600240000},"page":"1140-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association Between Prolonged Shedding of Zika Virus in Human Semen and Male Reproductive Tract Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Megan B","family":"Vogt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin M","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Fort Collins, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Delorey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Fort Collins, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul S","family":"Mead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Fort Collins, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Fort Collins, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison F","family":"Hinckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Fort Collins, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen R","family":"Werre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron C","family":"Brault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Fort Collins, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha K","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060109475668100_jiac329-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19006","article-title":"Birth defects among fetuses and infants of US women with evidence of possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy","volume":"317","author":"Honein","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023060109475668100_jiac329-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6613e1","article-title":"Vital signs: update on Zika virus-associated birth defects and evaluation of all U.S. infants with congenital Zika virus exposure\u2014U.S. Zika pregnancy registry, 2016","volume":"66","author":"Reynolds","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023060109475668100_jiac329-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6623e1","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes after maternal Zika virus infection during pregnancy\u2014U.S. territories, January 1, 2016-April 25, 2017","volume":"66","author":"Shapiro-Mendoza","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023060109475668100_jiac329-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6903a3","article-title":"Population-based surveillance for birth defects potentially related to Zika virus infection\u201422 states and territories, January 2016\u2013June 2017","volume":"69","author":"Smoots","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023060109475668100_jiac329-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101939","article-title":"Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA","volume":"17","author":"Foy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023060109475668100_jiac329-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2102.141363","article-title":"Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus","volume":"21","author":"Musso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023060109475668100_jiac329-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6508e2","article-title":"Transmission of Zika virus through sexual contact with travelers to areas of ongoing transmission\u2014continental United States, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Hills","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023060109475668100_jiac329-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1604449","article-title":"Evidence of sexual transmission of Zika virus","volume":"374","author":"D'Ortenzio","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J 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