{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:29:26Z","timestamp":1777415366203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["6NU50CK000498-01-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6NU50CK000498-01-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Variable and incomplete reporting of housing status creates challenges in the surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the homeless population in Los Angeles County (LA County) and nationwide.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed standard investigation procedures to assess the housing status of LA County COVID-19 patients. Using data sharing procedures, we matched COVID-19 patients to Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) client profiles and supplemented with additional data sources for contributory data points and to further housing status ascertainment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 10\u2009586 COVID-19 patients among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) between 30 March 2020 and 30 December 2021; 2801 (26.5%) patients were first identified from HMIS profile matches, 1877 (17.7%) from quarantine\/isolation housing intake rosters, 573 (5.4%) from hospital records, 749 (7.1%) from case and contact interviews, 3659 (34.6%) directly from PEH medical and service providers, and 927 (8.8%) had unknown sources. Among COVID-19 patients matched to HMIS profiles, 5351 (42.5%) were confirmed to be PEH at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interoperability between public health data, HMIS, and external partners have been critical components in evaluating the impact of COVID-19 among the LA County homeless population. No one data source was complete for COVID-19 surveillance in this population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T12:15:45Z","timestamp":1665231345000},"page":"S327-S334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of the Homeless Management Information System for COVID-19 Surveillance Among People Experiencing Homelessness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Padma S","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1763-3897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen W","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah K","family":"Brosnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Regos-Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia H","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022100812114247300_jiac335-B1","author":"US Department of Housing and Urban Development","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022100812114247300_jiac335-B2","author":"Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority"},{"key":"2022100812114247300_jiac335-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12009","article-title":"Health status and health care experiences among homeless patients in federally supported health centers: findings from the 2009 patient survey","volume":"48","author":"Lebrun-Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2022100812114247300_jiac335-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000722","article-title":"Communicable disease among people experiencing homelessness in California","volume":"148","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2022100812114247300_jiac335-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e2","article-title":"COVID-19 outbreak among three affiliated homeless service sites","volume":"69","author":"Tobolowsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022100812114247300_jiac335-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e1","article-title":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in homeless shelters\u2014four US cities","volume":"69","author":"Mosites","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly 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