{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:30:30Z","timestamp":1790958630356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"SciClone Pharmaceuticals International Ltd"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thymosin-\u03b1-1 (T\u03b11) may be a treatment option for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but efficacy and safety data remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective, open-label, randomized trial assessing preliminary efficacy and safety of thymalfasin (synthetic form of T\u03b11), compared with the standard of care, among hospitalized patients with hypoxemia and lymphocytopenia due to COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 49 patients were included in this analysis. Compared with control patients, the incidence of clinical recovery was higher for treated patients with either baseline low-flow oxygen (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.48 [95% confidence interval, .68\u20133.25]) or baseline high-flow oxygen (1.28 [.35\u20134.63]), although neither difference was significant. Among patients with baseline low-flow oxygen, treated patients, compared with control patients, had an average difference of 3.84 times more CD4+ T cells on day 5 than on day 1 (P = .01). Nine serious adverse events among treated patients were deemed not related to T\u03b11.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T\u03b11 increases CD4+ T-cell count among patients with baseline low-flow oxygen support faster than the standard of care and may have a role in the management of hospitalized patients with hypoxemia and lymphocytopenia due to COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT04487444.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T20:46:29Z","timestamp":1662065189000},"page":"226-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Thymosin-\u03b1-1) to Treat Hospitalized Patients With Hypoxemia and Lymphocytopenia Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Fadi","family":"Shehadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island , USA"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia K","family":"Mylona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quynh-Lam","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tsikala-Vafea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Atalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Kaczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , 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