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However, most countries are currently off the track for achieving these goals. Microelimination is a more effective and practical approach that breaks down national elimination targets into goals for smaller and more manageable key populations. These key populations share the characteristics of being highly prevalent for and vulnerable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Microelimination allows for identifying HCV-infected people and linking them to care more cost-effectively and efficiently. In this review, we discuss the current obstacles to and progress in HCV microelimination in special populations, including uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis, people who inject drugs, incarcerated people, people living in hyperendemic areas, men who have sex with men with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, transgender and gender-diverse populations, and sex workers. Scaling up testing and treatment uptake to achieve HCV microelimination may facilitate global HCV elimination by 2030.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T17:00:05Z","timestamp":1694624405000},"page":"S168-S179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["HCV Microelimination for High-risk Special Populations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Chung-Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan"},{"name":"PhD Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Academia Sinica , Kaohsiung , Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Cohort Study, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1310-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan-Jhou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Min-Sheng General Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7345-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Ching","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of 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