{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:29:39Z","timestamp":1780586979380,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013392","name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et des Services Sociaux","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"BC Centre for Disease Control Foundation for Public Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two- and 3-dose BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including Delta and Omicron variants, was assessed among adolescents in Canada, where first and second doses were spaced longer than the manufacturer-specified 3-week interval.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Test-negative design estimated VE against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection \u226514 days after vaccination among 12\u201317-year-olds in Quebec and British Columbia, Canada, between 5 September 2021 and 30 April 2022 (epidemiological weeks 36\u201317). VE was explored by the interval between first and second doses, time since the second dose, and with a third dose.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The VE against Delta was \u226590% until at least 5 months after the second dose. The VE against Omicron decreased from about 65%\u201375% at 2\u20133 weeks to \u226450% by the third month after vaccination, restored to approximately 65% by a third dose. Although confidence intervals overlapped, VE against Omicron was about 5%\u20137% higher (absolute) when first and second doses were spaced \u22658 versus 3\u20134 weeks apart.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In adolescents, 2 BNT162b2 doses provided strong and sustained protection against Delta but reduced and rapidly waning VE against Omicron. A longer interval between first and second doses and a third dose marginally improved Omicron protection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T17:49:52Z","timestamp":1673891392000},"page":"1073-1083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["BNT162b2 Effectiveness Against Delta and Omicron Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Adolescents Aged 12\u201317 Years, by Dosing Interval and Duration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Iulia G","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Faculty of Medicine , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danuta M","family":"Skowronski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunization Programs and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Service, BC Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Sauvageau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Faculty of Medicine , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"},{"name":"Biological and Occupational Risks, Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"},{"name":"Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunization Programs and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Service, BC Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manale","family":"Ouakki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Occupational Risks, Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinhye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunization Programs and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Service, BC Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaston","family":"De Serres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Faculty of Medicine , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"},{"name":"Biological and Occupational Risks, Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"},{"name":"Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B1","author":"US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B2","author":"National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107456","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents","volume":"385","author":"Frenck","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac290","article-title":"Two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness with mixed schedules and extended dosing intervals: test-negative design studies from British Columbia and Quebec, Canada","volume":"75","author":"Skowronski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B5","author":"Weldon","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B6","author":"National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2711.211886","article-title":"Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents during outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection, Israel, 2021","volume":"27","author":"Glatman-Freedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2114290","article-title":"Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine against Delta variant in adolescents","volume":"385","author":"Reis","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm705152a2","article-title":"Interim estimate of vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among adolescents aged 12\u201317 years\u2014Arizona, July\u2013December 2021","volume":"70","author":"Lutrick","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.12.044","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents","volume":"40","author":"Choe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7111e1","article-title":"Effectiveness of 2-dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) mRNA vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among children aged 5\u201311 years and adolescents aged 12\u201315 years\u2014PROTECT cohort, July 2021\u2013February 2022","volume":"71","author":"Fowlkes","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B12","article-title":"Vaccine effectiveness with BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine against reported SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infection among adolescents, Norway, August 2021 to January 2022","author":"Veneti","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00177-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of BNT162b2 against COVID-19 in adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Powell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057634","article-title":"Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 against Delta and Omicron variants in adolescents","volume":"150","author":"Buchan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7042e1","article-title":"Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination against COVID-19 hospitalization among persons aged 12\u201318 years\u2014United States, June-September 2021","volume":"70","author":"Olson","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2117995","article-title":"Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine against critical COVID-19 in adolescents","volume":"386","author":"Olson","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119451","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant","volume":"386","author":"Andrews","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B18","author":"Statistics Canada"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B19","author":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec (INSPQ)"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B20","author":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC)"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2236670","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36670","article-title":"Estimated protection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against reinfection with the Omicron variant among messenger RNA\u2013vaccinated and nonvaccinated individuals in Quebec, Canada","volume":"5","author":"Carazo","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.7493","article-title":"Association of prior BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents during Omicron predominance","volume":"327","author":"Fleming-Dutra","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100433","article-title":"COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Hoang","year":"2020","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2113151","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and the test-negative design","volume":"385","author":"Dean","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B25","volume-title":"SSRN","author":"Pich\u00e9-Renaud"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B26","author":"National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B27","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023052710282465600_jiad006-B28","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiad006\/49089989\/jiad006.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/227\/9\/1073\/50462720\/jiad006.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/227\/9\/1073\/50462720\/jiad006.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T10:28:54Z","timestamp":1685183334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/227\/9\/1073\/6988115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiad006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]}}}