{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:23:15Z","timestamp":1787008995948,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30120C07986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30120C07986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30120C07765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30120C07765"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data assessing protection conferred from COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and\/or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection during Delta and Omicron predominance periods in the United States are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study included persons \u226518 years who had \u22651 health care encounter across 4 health systems and had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 before 26 August 2021. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection defined the exposure. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for the Delta and Omicron periods; protection was calculated as (1\u2212HR)\u00d7100%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to unvaccinated and previously uninfected persons, during Delta predominance, protection against COVID-19\u2013associated hospitalizations was high for those 2- or 3-dose vaccinated and previously infected, 3-dose vaccinated alone, and prior infection alone (range, 91%\u201397%, with overlapping 95% confidence intervals [CIs]); during Omicron predominance, estimates were lower (range, 77%\u201390%). Protection against COVID-19\u2013associated emergency department\/urgent care (ED\/UC) encounters during Delta predominance was high for those exposure groups (range, 86%\u201393%); during Omicron predominance, protection remained high for those 3-dose vaccinated with or without a prior infection (76%; 95% CI = 67%\u201383% and 71%; 95% CI = 67%\u201373%, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and\/or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provided protection against COVID-19\u2013associated hospitalizations and ED\/UC encounters regardless of variant. Staying up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccination still provides protection against severe COVID-19 disease, regardless of prior infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T17:01:07Z","timestamp":1676566867000},"page":"1348-1363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Protection From COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination and Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Against COVID-19\u2013Associated Encounters in Adults During Delta and Omicron Predominance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Catherine H","family":"Bozio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen A","family":"Butterfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat , Rockville, Maryland , 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