{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:21:18Z","timestamp":1790324478733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"CSL Seqirus Pharmaceuticals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite wide use of adjuvanted influenza vaccine in nursing home residents (NHR), little immunogenicity data exist for this population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We collected blood from NHR (n = 85) living in nursing homes participating in a cluster randomized clinical trial comparing MF59-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aTIV) with nonadjuvanted vaccine (TIV) (parent trial, NCT02882100). NHR received either vaccine during the 2016\u20132017 influenza season. We assessed cellular and humoral immunity using flow cytometry and hemagglutinin inhibition, antineuraminidase (enzyme-linked lectin assay), and microneutralization assays.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both vaccines were similarly immunogenic and induced antigen-specific antibodies and T cells, but aTIV specifically induced significantly larger 28 days after vaccination (D28) titers against A\/H3N2 neuraminidase than TIV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NHRs respond immunologically to TIV and aTIV. From these data, the larger aTIV-induced antineuraminidase response at D28 may help explain the increased clinical protection observed in the parent clinical trial for aTIV over TIV in NHR during the A\/H3N2-dominant 2016\u20132017 influenza season. Additionally, a decline back to prevaccination titers at 6 months after vaccination emphasizes the importance of annual vaccination against influenza.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02882100.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T15:33:03Z","timestamp":1679585583000},"page":"704-714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Humoral and Cellular Immunity Induced by Adjuvanted and Standard Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Older Nursing Home Residents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Carson L","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Bednarchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Htin","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S","family":"Boxer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea E","family":"Daddato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigid M","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System , Cleveland, OH , USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gravenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, RI , USA"},{"name":"Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical 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