{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:42:11Z","timestamp":1788471731958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007360","name":"University of Turku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Abo Akademi University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011797","name":"Turku University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["123571, 140251, 277535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["123571, 140251, 277535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["324926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004756","name":"Emil Aaltonen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Finnish Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005744","name":"Foundation for Pediatric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Allergy Research Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007417","name":"Paulo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009420","name":"Hospital District of Southwest Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006706","name":"Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004037","name":"Juho Vainio Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genome-wide association studies have identified several risk alleles for early childhood asthma, particularly in the 17q21 locus and in the cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) gene. Contribution of these alleles to the risk of acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) in early childhood is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the STEPS birth-cohort study of unselected children and the VINKU and VINKU2 studies on children with severe wheezing illness. Genome-wide genotyping was performed on 1011 children. We analyzed the association between 11 preselected asthma risk alleles and the risk of ARIs and wheezing illnesses of various viral etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The asthma risk alleles in CDHR3, GSDMA, and GSDMB were associated with an increased rate of ARIs (for CDHR3, incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01\u20131.12; P = .02), and risk allele in CDHR3 gene with rhinovirus infections (IRR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.20, P = .03). Asthma risk alleles in GSDMA, GSDMB, IKZF3, ZPBP2, and ORMDL3 genes were associated with wheezing illnesses in early childhood, especially rhinovirus-positive wheezing illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asthma risk alleles were associated with an increased rate of ARIs and an increased risk of viral wheezing illnesses. Nonwheezing and wheezing ARIs and asthma may have shared genetic risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration.\u2003NCT00494624 and NCT00731575.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T23:14:02Z","timestamp":1679613242000},"page":"990-998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association of Asthma Risk Alleles With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and Wheezing Illnesses in Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Ville","family":"Forsstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Toivonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiara","family":"Homil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Waris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Turku , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper-Emil T","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"B\u00f8nnelykke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Jartti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Peltola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023101809351606000_jiad075-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0170","article-title":"Global burden of asthma among children","volume":"18","author":"Asher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2023101809351606000_jiad075-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2196","article-title":"Prenatal and passive smoke exposure and incidence of asthma and wheeze: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Burke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023101809351606000_jiad075-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009748","article-title":"Influence of parental smoking on respiratory symptoms during the first decade of life: the Tucson children's respiratory 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