{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:57:23Z","timestamp":1770422243549,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004756","name":"Emil Aaltonen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Finnish Society for the Study of Infectious Diseases"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe neurological condition caused by reactivation of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) in immunosuppression. Asymptomatic JCPyV persists in peripheral tissues. Upon reactivation, neurotropic rearrangements may emerge, and the virus gains access to the brain. To assess the mechanisms of PML pathogenesis, brain tissue material from PML patients was collected for small RNA sequencing. Upregulation of 8 microRNAs (miRNAs) in PML brain was validated using quantitative microRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bioinformatics tools were utilized to identify major associations of the upregulated miRNAs: neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. The results indicate involvement of human miRNA regulation in PML pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T22:07:12Z","timestamp":1679954832000},"page":"829-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["JC Polyomavirus Modifies the Expression of Human microRNAs in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Brain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4511-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anni","family":"Honkimaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Suppula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Tynninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Saarela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Liimatainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eeva","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100319153925400_jiad083-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24371","article-title":"Persistence and pathogenesis of the neurotropic polyomavirus JC","volume":"77","author":"Wollebo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023100319153925400_jiad083-B2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: current insights","volume":"9","author":"Kartau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"2023100319153925400_jiad083-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101664","article-title":"microRNA dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review","volume":"182","author":"Ju\u017awik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"2023100319153925400_jiad083-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008523","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008523","article-title":"High expression of JC polyomavirus-encoded microRNAs in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy tissues and its repressive role in virus replication","volume":"16","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023100319153925400_jiad083-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842288","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.842288","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 is a versatile regulator and potential treatment target in central nervous system disorders","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2023100319153925400_jiad083-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094332","article-title":"miR-155 as an important regulator of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. 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