{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:06:49Z","timestamp":1793315209619,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ed and Pearl Fein Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 HL143961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HL143961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Division of Cardiology at Zuckerberg San Francisco General"},{"name":"UCSF AIDS Research Institute and UCSF\/Gladstone Center for AIDS Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01A1141003-03S1 to T. J. H."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01A1141003-03S1 to T. J. H."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI027763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI027763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UCSF-Gladstone Center for AIDS Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mechanisms underlying persistent cardiopulmonary symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19; PASC] or \u201clong COVID\u201d) remain unclear. This study sought to elucidate mechanisms of cardiopulmonary symptoms and reduced exercise capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and ambulatory rhythm monitoring among adults &amp;gt;1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared those with and those without symptoms, and correlated findings with previously measured biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty participants (median age, 53 years; 42% female; 87% nonhospitalized; median 17.6 months after infection) were studied. At CPET, 18\/37 (49%) with symptoms had reduced exercise capacity (&amp;lt;85% predicted), compared with 3\/19 (16%) without symptoms (P = .02). The adjusted peak oxygen consumption (VO2) was 5.2 mL\/kg\/min lower (95% confidence interval, 2.1\u20138.3; P = .001) or 16.9% lower percent predicted (4.3%-29.6%; P = .02) among those with symptoms. Chronotropic incompetence was common. Inflammatory markers and antibody levels early in PASC were negatively correlated with peak VO2. Late-gadolinium enhancement on CMR and arrhythmias were absent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiopulmonary symptoms &amp;gt;1 year after COVID-19 were associated with reduced exercise capacity, which was associated with earlier inflammatory markers. Chronotropic incompetence may explain exercise intolerance among some with \u201clong COVID.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T07:30:00Z","timestamp":1683790200000},"page":"542-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Reduced Exercise Capacity, Chronotropic Incompetence, and Early Systemic Inflammation in Cardiopulmonary Phenotype Long Coronavirus Disease 2019"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew S","family":"Durstenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General , University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punita","family":"Kaveti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General , University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General , University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M","family":"Arechiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General , University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General , University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Chenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monogram Biosciences, LabCorp, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon C","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monogram Biosciences, LabCorp, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W","family":"Winslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monogram Biosciences, LabCorp, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos J","family":"Petropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monogram Biosciences, LabCorp, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Daniel","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David V","family":"Glidden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J","family":"Henrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey N","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoo Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac and Pulmonary Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandar A","family":"Aras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlin S","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald J","family":"Grandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla Y","family":"Hsue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , 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