{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T05:57:45Z","timestamp":1783231065755,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110058\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110058\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["225467\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["225467\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes in high burden settings is poorly understood. We explored S. pyogenes nasopharyngeal colonization after intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) among Gambian children aged 24\u201359 months, and resulting serological response to 7 antigens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A post hoc analysis was performed in 320 children randomized to receive LAIV at baseline (LAIV group) or not (control). S. pyogenes colonization was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs from baseline (day 0), day 7, and day 21. Anti-streptococcal IgG was quantified, including a subset with paired serum before\/after S. pyogenes acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The point prevalence of S. pyogenes colonization was 7%\u201313%. In children negative at day 0, S. pyogenes was detected at day 7 or 21 in 18% of LAIV group and 11% of control group participants (P = .12). The odds ratio (OR) for colonization over time was significantly increased in the LAIV group (day 21 vs day 0 OR, 3.18; P = .003) but not in the control group (OR, 0.86; P = .79). The highest IgG increases following asymptomatic colonization were seen for M1 and SpyCEP proteins.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Asymptomatic S. pyogenes colonization appears modestly increased by LAIV, and may be immunologically significant. LAIV could be used to study influenza-S. pyogenes interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration.\u2003NCT02972957.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T03:33:01Z","timestamp":1685331181000},"page":"957-965","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i> Colonization in Children Aged 24\u201359 Months in the Gambia: Impact of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine and Associated Serological Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9386-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J","family":"Keeley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin P","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , Banjul, The 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Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sainabou","family":"Drammeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri","family":"Angyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"Hornsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"de Crombrugghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Universite\u0301 Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, H\u00f4pital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre R","family":"Smeesters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Universite\u0301 Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, H\u00f4pital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Carducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikondi","family":"Peno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debby","family":"Bogaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Kampmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , Banjul, The Gambia"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Centre for Global Health and 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