{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:37:57Z","timestamp":1791664677444,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"},{"name":"KAR"},{"name":"Allocation de Recherche du Minist\u00e8re de la Recherche et de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur"},{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France"},{"name":"Le Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Laboratoire Expert Orthopoxvirus"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006021","name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Armement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDH-2-NRBC-4-B-4111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDH-2-NRBC-4-B-4111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"INCEPTION","award":["ANR-16-CONV-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CONV-0005"]}]},{"name":"PICREID","award":["U01AI151758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151758"]}]},{"name":"Labex IBEID","award":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On May 6, 2022, a powerful outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) had been reported outside of Africa, with many continuing new cases being reported around the world. Analysis of mutations among the 2 different lineages present in the 2021 and 2022 outbreaks revealed the presence of G-&amp;gt;A mutations occurring in the 5\u2032GpA context, indicative of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (differential DNA denaturation PCR) method allowing differential amplification of AT-rich DNA, we analyzed the level of APOBEC3-induced MPXV editing in infected cells and in patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We demonstrate that G-&amp;gt;A hypermutated MPXV genomes can be recovered experimentally from APOBEC3 transfection followed by MPXV infection. Here, among the 7 human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases (A3A-A3C, A3DE, A3F\u2013A3H), only APOBEC3F was capable of extensively deaminating cytidine residues in MPXV genomes. Hyperedited genomes were also recovered in \u223c42% of analyzed patients. Moreover, we demonstrate that substantial repair of these mutations occurs. Upon selection, corrected G-&amp;gt;A mutations escaping drift loss contribute to the MPXV evolution observed in the current epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stochastic or transient overexpression of the APOBEC3F gene exposes the MPXV genome to a broad spectrum of mutations that may be modeling the mutational landscape after multiple cycles of viral replication.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T07:11:08Z","timestamp":1684998668000},"page":"1421-1429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["APOBEC3F Is a Mutational Driver of the Human Monkeypox Virus Identified in the 2022 Outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Susp\u00e8ne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle A","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Cellular Stress Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris , France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Complexit\u00e9 du Vivant , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Boutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es , Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, National Reference Center for Orthopoxviruses, (CNR-LE Orthopoxvirus) , Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Guillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es , Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9576-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Lemoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses , Paris , France"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es , Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, National Reference Center for Orthopoxviruses, (CNR-LE Orthopoxvirus) , Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Nicolas","family":"Tournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es , Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"},{"name":"Ecole du Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Iseni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es , Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Simon-Lori\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, 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