{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:26:19Z","timestamp":1782743179371,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NR012907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NR012907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NR012657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NR012657"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NR014449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NR014449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH118031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH118031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA054009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA054009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH118031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH118031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 MH079785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 MH079785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32 MH129151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 MH129151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Barnes-Jewish Hospital"},{"name":"Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences Foundation","award":["UL1 TR000448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000448"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014761","name":"Hope Center for Neurological Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved outcomes for people with HIV (PWH), brain dysfunction is still evident. Immune activation and inflammation remain elevated in PWH receiving ART, thereby contributing to morbidity and mortality. Previous studies demonstrated reduced functional and structural changes in PWH; however, underlying mechanisms remain elusive.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our cohort consisted of PWH with ART adherence and viral suppression ( &amp;lt; 50 copies\/mL; N = 173). Measurements included immune cell markers of overall immune health (CD4\/CD8 T-cell ratio) and myeloid inflammation (CD16+ monocytes), plasma markers of inflammatory status (soluble CD163 and CD14), and structural and functional neuroimaging (volume and cerebral blood flow [CBF], respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Decreased CD4\/CD8 ratios correlated with reduced brain volume, and higher levels of inflammatory CD16+ monocytes were associated with reduced brain volume in total cortex and gray matter. An increase in plasma soluble CD14\u2014a marker of acute peripheral inflammation attributed to circulating microbial products\u2014was associated with reduced CBF within the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices and total gray matter.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CD4\/CD8 ratio and number of CD16+ monocytes, which are chronic immune cell markers, are associated with volumetric loss in the brain. Additionally, this study shows a potential new association between plasma soluble CD14 and CBF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T21:45:48Z","timestamp":1687556748000},"page":"1071-1079","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Increased Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated With Structural Brain Changes and Reduced Blood Flow in People With Virologically Controlled HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-7381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tricia H","family":"Burdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake A","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5905-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Cooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis , St Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy D","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalen J","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis , St Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis , St Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Westerhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis , St 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