{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:52:17Z","timestamp":1793274737500,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI-109118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI-109118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI-043596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI-043596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1100514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1100514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008457","name":"University of Virginia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008457","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Henske Family Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001797","name":"PhRMA Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"TechLab, Inc"},{"name":"Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008627","name":"Global Affairs Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004441","name":"Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UKAid"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cryptosporidium species are a major cause of diarrhea and associated with growth failure. There is currently only limited knowledge of the parasite's genomic variability. We report a genomic analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum isolated from Bangladeshi infants and reanalysis of sequences from the United Kingdom. Human isolates from both locations shared 154 variants not present in the cattle-derived reference genome, suggesting host-specific adaptation of the parasite. Remarkably 34.6% of single-nucleotide polymorphisms unique to human isolates were nonsynonymous and 8.2% of these were in secreted proteins. Linkage disequilibrium decay indicated frequent recombination. The genetic diversity of C. parvum has potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic design.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration.\u2003NCT02764918.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T21:19:34Z","timestamp":1697231974000},"page":"1292-1298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Genomic Heterogeneity of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i> Isolates From Children in Bangladesh: Implications for Parasite Biology and Human Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Maureen","family":"Carey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuhinur","family":"Arju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute , Cambridge , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masud","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamun","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu S G","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashidul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research , Dhaka , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-1218","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"William A","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5027-1034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol A","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023110719174212700_jiad257-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1086\/597580","article-title":"Prospective case-control study of the association between common enteric protozoal parasites and diarrhea in Bangladesh","volume":"48","author":"Haque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023110719174212700_jiad257-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31529-X","article-title":"Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to identify causes of diarrhoea in children: a reanalysis of the GEMS case-control study","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023110719174212700_jiad257-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e564","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00151-5","article-title":"Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED)","volume":"3","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2023110719174212700_jiad257-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy310","article-title":"Species of cryptosporidia causing subclinical infection associated with growth faltering in rural and urban Bangladesh: a birth cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Steiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023110719174212700_jiad257-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-015-0056-9","article-title":"Treatment of Cryptosporidium: what we know, gaps, and the way forward","volume":"2","author":"Sparks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"},{"key":"2023110719174212700_jiad257-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D419","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj078","article-title":"CryptoDB: a Cryptosporidium bioinformatics resource update","volume":"34","author":"Heiges","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2023110719174212700_jiad257-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy121","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium hominis in a Bangladeshi community as 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