{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:12:37Z","timestamp":1780463557048,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU2RGH001915-02-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU2RGH001915-02-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In July 2022, New York State (NYS) reported a case of paralytic polio in an unvaccinated young adult, and subsequent wastewater surveillance confirmed sustained local transmission of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) in NYS with genetic linkage to the paralyzed patient.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We adapted an established poliovirus transmission and oral poliovirus vaccine evolution model to characterize dynamics of poliovirus transmission in NYS, including consideration of the immunization activities performed as part of the declared state of emergency.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite sustained transmission of imported VDPV2 in NYS involving potentially thousands of individuals (depending on seasonality, population structure, and mixing assumptions) in 2022, the expected number of additional paralytic cases in years 2023 and beyond is small (less than 0.5). However, continued transmission and\/or reintroduction of poliovirus into NYS and other populations remains a possible risk in communities that do not achieve and maintain high immunization coverage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In countries such as the United States that use only inactivated poliovirus vaccine, even with high average immunization coverage, imported polioviruses may circulate and pose a small but nonzero risk of causing paralysis in nonimmune individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T08:11:15Z","timestamp":1692432675000},"page":"1097-1106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Modeling Poliovirus Transmission and Responses in New York State"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0849-9147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly M","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kid Risk, Inc , Orlando, Florida , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika A","family":"Kalkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kid Risk, Inc , Orlando, Florida , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janell A","family":"Routh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I Ravi","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli S","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State University of New York at Albany , Albany, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane R","family":"Zucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene , New York, New York , USA"},{"name":"Immunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Langdon-Embry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene , New York, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"Sugerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara C","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4900-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Badizadegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kid Risk, Inc , Orlando, Florida , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041213295849200_jiad355-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac130","article-title":"Polio by the numbers: a global perspective","volume":"226","author":"Badizadegan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024041213295849200_jiad355-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01875-X","article-title":"Polio eradication: falling at the final hurdle?","volume":"400","author":"The Lancet Editorial Board","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024041213295849200_jiad355-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.02.013","article-title":"Managing population immunity to reduce or eliminate the risks of circulation following the importation of polioviruses","volume":"33","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024041213295849200_jiad355-B4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices","volume":"49","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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