{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:09:40Z","timestamp":1791468580408,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI155442 to M. R. G. and U19 AI144133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI155442 to M. R. G. and U19 AI144133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of syphilis continues to increase in the United States, yet little is known about Treponema pallidum genomic epidemiology within American metropolitan areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed whole-genome sequencing and tprK deep sequencing of 28 T. pallidum\u2013containing specimens, collected mostly from remnant Aptima swab specimens from 24 individuals from Seattle Sexual Health Clinic during 2021\u20132022.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All 12 individuals infected with Nichols-lineage strains were men who have sex with men, while a specific SS14 cluster (mean, 0.33 single-nucleotide variant) included 1 man who has sex with women and 5 women. All T. pallidum strains sequenced were azithromycin resistant via 23S ribosomal RNA A2058G mutation. Identical T. pallidum genomic sequences were found in pharyngeal and rectal swab specimens taken concurrently from the same individuals. The tprK sequences were less variable between patient-matched specimens and between epidemiologically linked clusters. We detected a 528\u2013base pair deletion in the tprK donor site locus, eliminating 9 donor sites, in T. pallidum genomes of 3 individuals with secondary syphilis, associated with diminution of TprK diversity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed an end-to-end workflow for public health genomic surveillance of T. pallidum from remnant Aptima swab specimens. tprK sequencing may assist in linking cases beyond routine T. pallidum genome sequencing. T. pallidum strains with deletions in tprK donor sites currently circulate and are associated with diminished TprK antigenic diversity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T19:54:21Z","timestamp":1695930861000},"page":"866-875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Genomic Epidemiology of <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i> and Circulation of Strains With Diminished <i>tprK<\/i> Antigen Variation Capability in Seattle, 2021\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Nicole A P","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos C","family":"Avenda\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah A K Mohamed","family":"Bakhash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Nunley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Giacani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , 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