{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:09:27Z","timestamp":1790636967107,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI120793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI120793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI142647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI142647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HD098746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD098746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pregnancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may influence tuberculosis infection detection using interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 release assay (QFT-Plus; Qiagen) and tuberculin skin test (TST).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants in Western Kenya underwent QFT-Plus and TST in pregnancy, 6 weeks postpartum (6wkPP) and 12 months postpartum (12moPP).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>400 participants (200 with HIV [WHIV], 200 HIV-negative) enrolled during pregnancy (median 28 weeks\u2019 gestation [interquartile range, 24\u201330]). QFT-Plus positivity prevalence was higher than TST in pregnancy (32.5% vs 11.6%) and through 12moPP (6wkPP, 30.9% for QFT-Plus vs 18.0% for TST; 12moPP, 29.5% vs 17.1%; all P &amp;lt; .001), driven primarily by QFT-Plus\u2013positive\/TST-negative discordance among HIV-negative women. Tuberculosis infection test conversion incidence was 28.4\/100 person-years (PY) and higher in WHIV than HIV-negative women (35.5 vs 20.9\/100 PY; hazard ratio, 1.73 [95% confidence interval, 1.04\u20132.88]), mostly owing to early postpartum TST conversion among WHIV. Among QFT-Plus\u2013positive participants in pregnancy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis \u00a0(Mtb)\u2013specific IFN-\u03b3 responses were dynamic through 12moPP and lower among WHIV than HIV-negative women with tuberculosis infection at all time points.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>QFT-Plus had higher diagnostic yield than TST in peripartum women. Peripartum QFT-Plus positivity was stable and less influenced by HIV than TST. Mtb\u2013specific IFN-\u03b3 responses were dynamic and lower among WHIV. Tuberculosis infection test conversion incidence was high between pregnancy and early postpartum, potentially owing to postpartum immune recovery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T16:55:17Z","timestamp":1695920117000},"page":"1709-1719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Peripartum Period on <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Infection Detection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3513-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaclyn N","family":"Escudero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerphason","family":"Mecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory 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