{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T16:37:35Z","timestamp":1773160655728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Orthopoxviruses have repeatedly confounded expectations in terms of the clinical illness they cause and their patterns of spread. Monkeypox virus (MPXV), originally characterized in the late 1950s during outbreaks among captive primates, has been recognized since the 1970s to cause human disease (mpox) in West and Central Africa, where interhuman transmission has largely been associated with nonsexual, close physical contact. In May 2022, a focus of MPXV transmission was detected, spreading among international networks of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. The outbreak grew in both size and geographic scope, testing the strength of preparedness tools and public health science alike. In this article we consider what was known about mpox before the 2022 outbreak, what we learned about mpox during the outbreak, and what continued research is needed to ensure that the global public health community can detect, and halt further spread of this disease threat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T17:58:30Z","timestamp":1697824710000},"page":"S121-S131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How the Orthodox Features of Orthopoxviruses Led to an Unorthodox Mpox Outbreak: What We\u2019ve Learned, and What We Still Need to Understand"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2399-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John T","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7882-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary G","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5154-6332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Torrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9136-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"McCollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5558-6350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian H","family":"Spicknall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal M","family":"Gigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panayampalli S","family":"Satheshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2150-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A S","family":"Quilter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agam K","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4217-8195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Anne J","family":"Guagliardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0354-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-9728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina L","family":"Hutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpox Multinational Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B1","volume-title":"Smallpox and its eradication","author":"Fenner","year":"1988"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.3390\/v2091933","article-title":"Orthopoxvirus genome evolution: the role of gene loss","volume":"2","author":"Hendrickson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00691.x","article-title":"Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins","volume":"225","author":"Weaver","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040905","article-title":"Monkeypox virus in animals: current knowledge of viral transmission and pathogenesis in wild animal reservoirs and captive animal models","volume":"15","author":"Falendysz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.11.012","article-title":"Understanding orthopoxvirus host range and evolution: from the enigmatic to the usual suspects","volume":"28","author":"Reynolds","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032299","article-title":"The detection of monkeypox in humans in the Western Hemisphere","volume":"350","author":"Reed","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1404.070817","article-title":"Rat-to-elephant-to-human transmission of cowpox virus","volume":"14","author":"Kurth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x","article-title":"A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"46","author":"Von Magnus","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B9","first-page":"593","article-title":"A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"46","author":"Ladnyj","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B10","first-page":"599","article-title":"Isolation and properties of the causal agent of a new variola-like disease (monkeypox) in man","volume":"46","author":"Marennikova","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6710a5","article-title":"Emergence of monkeypox\u2014West and Central Africa, 1970\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Durski","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00055-5","article-title":"New nomenclature for mpox (monkeypox) and monkeypox virus clades","volume":"23","author":"Ulaeto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81215-0","article-title":"A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses","volume":"86","author":"Likos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B14","first-page":"165","article-title":"Human monkeypox, 1970\u201379","volume":"58","author":"Breman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.3390\/v7042168","article-title":"A phylogeographic investigation of African monkeypox","volume":"7","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2220415120","article-title":"Virulence differences of mpox (monkeypox) virus clades I, IIa, and IIIb.1 in a small animal model","volume":"120","author":"Americo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa559","article-title":"Exportation of monkeypox virus from the African continent","volume":"225","author":"Mauldin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7203a4","article-title":"Epidemiology of human mpox\u2014worldwide, 2018\u20132021","volume":"72","author":"McCollum","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Bunge","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1306.061540","article-title":"Endemic human monkeypox, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2001\u20132004","volume":"13","author":"Rimoin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7145a4","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of the monkeypox outbreak and the public health response\u2014United States, May 17\u2013October 6, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Kava","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.005108-0","article-title":"A prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease using West African and Congo Basin strains of monkeypox virus","volume":"90","author":"Hutson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B23","first-page":"465","article-title":"Human monkeypox: secondary attack rates","volume":"66","author":"Jezek","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200422","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200422","article-title":"Community transmission of monkeypox in the United Kingdom, April to May 2022","volume":"27","author":"Vivancos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e277","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00034-4","article-title":"Mpox respiratory transmission: the state of the evidence","volume":"4","author":"Beeson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B26","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Long-term household contamination with monkeypox virus investigated","volume":"328","author":"Kuehn","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7114a1","article-title":"Monkeypox in a traveler returning from Nigeria\u2014Dallas, Texas, July 2021","volume":"71","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0214229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214229","article-title":"The 2017 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria-report of outbreak experience and response in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Ogoina","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa143","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of human monkeypox in Nigeria","volume":"71","author":"Ogoina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4507","article-title":"Heavy-tailed sexual contact networks and monkeypox epidemiology in the global outbreak, 2022","volume":"378","author":"Endo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7135e2","article-title":"Modeling the impact of sexual networks in the transmission of monkeypox virus among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men\u2014United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Spicknall","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7135e1","article-title":"Strategies adopted by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men to prevent monkeypox virus transmission\u2014United States, August 2022","volume":"71","author":"Delaney","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00451-6","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and effect of control measures on the 2022 outbreak of mpox among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in England: a mathematical modelling study","author":"Zhang","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00691-0","article-title":"Monkeypox infection creates immune signatures of disease progression","volume":"23","author":"Kennedy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00492-9","article-title":"Mpox in people with past infection or a complete vaccination course: a global case series","author":"Hazra","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00273-8","article-title":"Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: a global case series","volume":"401","author":"Mitja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad482","article-title":"Low CD4 count or being out of care increases the risk for mpox hospitalization among people with HIV and mpox","author":"Philpott","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7215a5","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical features of mpox-associated deaths\u2014United States, May 10, 2022\u2013March 7, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Riser","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.09.012","article-title":"Transmission characteristics, replication patterns and clinical manifestations of human monkeypox virus-an in-depth analysis of four cases from Germany","volume":"29","author":"Hornuss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B40","first-page":"702","article-title":"Persistence of monkeypox virus DNA in clinical specimens","volume":"85","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2022.105254","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and comparison of longitudinal qPCR results from different specimen types in a cohort of ambulatory and hospitalized patients infected with monkeypox virus","volume":"155","author":"Norz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00586-2","article-title":"Viral loads in clinical samples of men with monkeypox virus infection: a French case series","volume":"23","author":"Palich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2810.221107","article-title":"Ten-week follow-up of monkeypox case-patient, Sweden, 2022","volume":"28","author":"Pettke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7128e1","article-title":"Rapid diagnostic testing for response to the monkeypox outbreak\u2014laboratory response network, United States, May 17\u2013June 30, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Aden","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01655-22","article-title":"Identification of human monkeypox virus genome deletions that impact diagnostic assays","volume":"60","author":"Garrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/v12121420","article-title":"Comparison of rapid antigen tests for COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Yamayoshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.08.023","article-title":"Evaluation of the Tetracore Orthopox BioThreat\u00ae antigen detection assay using laboratory grown orthopoxviruses and rash illness clinical specimens","volume":"187","author":"Townsend","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00440-6","article-title":"A prototype lateral flow assay for detection of orthopoxviruses","volume":"22","author":"Ulaeto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1039\/D2AN02043B","article-title":"Gold-based paper for antigen detection of monkeypox virus","volume":"148","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.11.23.22282505","article-title":"Pre- and asymptomatic viral shedding in high-risk contacts of monkeypox cases: a prospective cohort study","volume-title":"medRxiv","author":"Brosius"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01365-22","article-title":"Monkeypox outbreak 2022: clinical and virological features of 30 patients at the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Centre of Sant\u2019 Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Northeastern Italy","volume":"61","author":"Gaspari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.08.011","article-title":"Ocular involvement in monkeypox: description of an unusual presentation during the current outbreak","volume":"85","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200675","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.36.2200675","article-title":"Isolation of viable monkeypox virus from anal and urethral swabs, Italy, May to July 2022","volume":"27","author":"Moschese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200503","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.28.2200503","article-title":"Frequent detection of monkeypox virus DNA in saliva, semen, and other clinical samples from 12 patients, Barcelona, Spain, May to June 2022","volume":"27","author":"Peiro-Mestres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00794-0","article-title":"Viral dynamics in patients with monkeypox infection: a prospective cohort study in Spain","volume":"23","author":"Suner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2812.221160","article-title":"Monkeypox virus detection in different clinical specimen types","volume":"28","author":"Hasso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28276","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28276","article-title":"Oropharyngeal samples versus lesion specimens at diagnosis in patients infected with monkeypox virus in Northern France","volume":"95","author":"Ouafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965710","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/965710","article-title":"Comparison of monkeypox virus clade kinetics and pathology within the prairie dog animal model using a serial sacrifice study design","volume":"2015","author":"Hutson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00775-4","article-title":"Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions","volume":"22","author":"Lum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28791","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28791","article-title":"Temporal intra-host variability of mpox virus genomes in multiple body tissues","volume":"95","author":"Rueca","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00662-4","article-title":"Immunological signature in human cases of monkeypox infection in 2022 outbreak: an observational study","volume":"23","author":"Agrati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0056823","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00568-23","article-title":"Identification of tecovirimat resistance-associated mutations in human monkeypox virus\u2014Los Angeles County","volume":"67","author":"Garrigues","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.16.23289856","article-title":"Resistance to anti-orthopoxviral drug tecovirimat (TPOXX\u00ae) during the 2022 mpox outbreak in the US","volume-title":"medRxiv","author":"Smith"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4153","article-title":"Multiple lineages of monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021\u20132022","volume":"378","author":"Gigante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2904.221594","article-title":"Experimental infection of North American deer mice with clade I and II monkeypox virus isolates","volume":"29","author":"Deschambault","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade7646","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo efficacy of tecovirimat against a recently emerged 2022 monkeypox virus isolate","volume":"14","author":"Warner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01907-y","article-title":"Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus","volume":"28","author":"Isidro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad165","article-title":"APOBEC3F Is a mutational driver of the human monkeypox virus identified in the 2022 outbreak","volume":"228","author":"Susp\u00e8ne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112393","article-title":"ORF-interrupting mutations in monkeypox virus genomes from Washington and Ohio, 2022","volume":"14","author":"Sereewit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28322","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28322","article-title":"Inverted repeats in the monkeypox virus genome are hot spots for mutation","volume":"95","author":"Dobrovolna","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7209a4","article-title":"Interim clinical treatment considerations for severe manifestations of mpox\u2014United States, February 2023","volume":"72","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1086\/422999","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of intramuscular vaccinia immune globulin: a literature review","volume":"39","author":"Hopkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200883","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.24.2200883","article-title":"Post-exposure vaccine effectiveness and contact management in the mpox outbreak, Madrid, Spain, May to August 2022","volume":"28","author":"Montero Morales","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7220a3","article-title":"Estimated effectiveness of JYNNEOS vaccine in preventing mpox: a multijurisdictional case-control study\u2014United States, August 19, 2022\u2013March 31, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Dalton","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2215201","article-title":"Vaccine effectiveness of JYNNEOS against mpox disease in the United States","volume":"388","author":"Deputy","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7220a4","article-title":"Effectiveness of JYNNEOS vaccine against diagnosed mpox infection\u2014New York, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.06.075","article-title":"Comparison of lyophilized versus liquid modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) formulations and subcutaneous versus intradermal routes of administration in healthy vaccinia-naive subjects","volume":"33","author":"Frey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2211311","article-title":"Intradermal vaccination for monkeypox\u2014benefits for individual and public health","volume":"387","author":"Brooks","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7225a6","article-title":"Notes from the field: emergence of an mpox cluster primarily affecting persons previously vaccinated against mpox\u2014Chicago, Illinois, March 18\u2013June 12, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Faherty","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2215846","article-title":"Erythema and induration after mpox (JYNNEOS) vaccination revisited","volume":"388","author":"Frey","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7230a4","article-title":"Demographic disparities in mpox vaccination series completion, by route of vaccine administration\u2014California, August 9, 2022\u2013March 31, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Salih","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0779","article-title":"Optimization of peptide-based ELISA for serological diagnostics: a retrospective study of human monkeypox infection","volume":"12","author":"Dubois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2024032619381551400_jiad465-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030396","article-title":"Design and optimization of a monkeypox virus specific serological assay","volume":"12","author":"Taha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiad465\/52305072\/jiad465.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/229\/Supplement_2\/S121\/57094453\/jiad465.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/229\/Supplement_2\/S121\/57094453\/jiad465.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T20:06:20Z","timestamp":1711483580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/229\/Supplement_2\/S121\/7325253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiad465","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]}}}