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We hypothesized that an infusion of NK cells, supported by interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-15, could decrease virus-producing cells in the lymphatic tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a phase 1 pilot study in 6 persons with HIV (PWH), where a single infusion of haploidentical related donor NK cells was given plus either IL-2 or N-803 (an IL-15 superagonist).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The approach was well tolerated with no unexpected adverse events. We did not pretreat recipients with cyclophosphamide or fludarabine to \u201cmake immunologic space,\u201d reasoning that PWH on stable antiretroviral treatment remain T-cell depleted in lymphatic tissues. We found donor cells remained detectable in blood for up to 8 days (similar to what is seen in cancer pretreatment with lymphodepleting chemotherapy) and in the lymph nodes and rectum up to 28 days. There was a moderate decrease in the frequency of viral RNA-positive cells in lymph nodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a moderate decrease in HIV-producing cells in lymph nodes. Further studies are warranted to determine the impact of healthy NK cells on HIV reservoirs and if restoring NK-cell function could be part of an HIV cure strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03346499 and NCT03899480.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T19:28:18Z","timestamp":1702754898000},"page":"1256-1265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Safety and Virologic Impact of Haploidentical NK Cells Plus Interleukin 2 or N-803 in HIV Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0339-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey S","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Rhein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary B","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7173-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Escand\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garritt","family":"Wieking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarrett","family":"Reichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Thorkelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siri","family":"Jorstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T","family":"Safrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunityBio , Culver City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4682-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Soon-Shiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunityBio , Culver City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J","family":"Beilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey G","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2451-9937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy W","family":"Schacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051515181826100_jiad578-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/8394","article-title":"Latent infection of CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy","volume":"5","author":"Finzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024051515181826100_jiad578-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254194","article-title":"HIV latency. 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