{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:17:43Z","timestamp":1788369463282,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206724\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206724\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["204904\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204904\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Investigator"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult to diagnose. We investigated whether a 3-gene host response signature in blood can distinguish TBM from other brain infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The expression of 3 genes (dual specificity phosphatase 3 [DUSP3], guanylate-binding protein [GBP5], krupple-like factor 2 [KLF2]) was analyzed by RNA sequencing of archived whole blood from 4 cohorts of Vietnamese adults: 281 with TBM, 279 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 50 with other brain infections, and 30 healthy controls. Tuberculosis scores (combined 3-gene expression) were calculated following published methodology and discriminatory performance compared using area under a receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GBP5 was upregulated in TBM compared to other brain infections (P &amp;lt; .001), with no difference in DUSP3 and KLF2 expression. The diagnostic performance of GBP5 alone (AUC, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], .67\u2013.81) was slightly better than the 3-gene tuberculosis score (AUC, 0.66; 95% CI, .58\u2013.73) in TBM. Both GBP5 expression and tuberculosis score were higher in participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; P &amp;lt; .001), with good diagnostic performance of GBP5 alone (AUC, 0.86; 95% CI, .80\u2013.93).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 3-gene host signature in whole blood has the ability to discriminate TBM from other brain infections, including in individuals with HIV. Validation in large prospective diagnostic study is now required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T14:52:42Z","timestamp":1704293562000},"page":"e268-e278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Ability of a 3-Gene Host Signature in Blood to Distinguish Tuberculous Meningitis From Other Brain Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9247-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Huynh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University , Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le Hoang 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