{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:04:31Z","timestamp":1771920271760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study assesses poliovirus type 1 (PV1) immunity in children to inform the contribution of mucosal immunity in and prevention of poliovirus circulation. A community-based study was conducted in periurban Karachi, Pakistan. Randomly selected children (0\u201315 years of age) received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) challenge dose. Blood and stool samples were collected at several time points and evaluated for polio-neutralizing antibodies and serotype-specific poliovirus, respectively. Eighty-one of 589 (14%) children excreted PV1 7 days post-OPV challenge; 70 of 81 (86%) were seropositive at baseline. Twelve of 610 (2%) were asymptomatic wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) excretors. Most poliovirus excretors had humoral immunity, suggesting mucosal immunity in these children likely waned or never developed. Without mucosal immunity, they are susceptible to poliovirus infection, shedding, and transmission. Asymptomatic WPV1 excretion suggests undetected poliovirus circulation within the community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T01:54:19Z","timestamp":1704851659000},"page":"736-740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mucosal Immunity to Poliovirus in Children 0\u201315 Years of Age: A Community-Based Study in Karachi, Pakistan in 2019"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1804-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Faisal","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaubina Umar","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syeda Mahjabeen","family":"Zehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Parkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Macklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication, World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Sifontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio and Picornavirus Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo A","family":"Mainou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio and Picornavirus Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masroor","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, National Institute of Health , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Lopez Cavestany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication, World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9100-8312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ondrej","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication, World Health Organization , Geneva , 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