{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:01:24Z","timestamp":1779915684582,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gothenburg Society for Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Swedish Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAN 20 1280 PjF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAN 20 1280 PjF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA may become integrated into the human genome of infected human hepatocytes. Expression of integrations can produce the surface antigen (HBsAg) that is required for synthesis of hepatitis D virus (HDV) particles and the abundant subviral particles in the blood of HBV- and HDV-infected subjects. Knowledge about the extent and variation of HBV integrations and impact on chronic HDV is still limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated 50 pieces of liver explant tissue from 5 patients with hepatitis D-induced cirrhosis, using a deep-sequencing strategy targeting HBV RNA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that integrations were abundant and highly expressed, with large variation in the number of integration-derived (HBV\/human chimeric) reads, both between and within patients. The median number of unique integrations for each patient correlated with serum levels of HBsAg. However, most of the HBV reads represented a few predominant integrations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results suggest that HBV DNA integrates in a large proportion of hepatocytes, and that the HBsAg output from these integrations vary &amp;gt;100-fold depending on clone size and expression rate. A small proportion of the integrations seems to determine the serum levels of HBsAg and HDV RNA in HBV\/HDV coinfected patients with liver cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T21:58:08Z","timestamp":1706219888000},"page":"e684-e693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Enrichment Reveals Extensive Integration of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Hepatitis Delta Virus-Infected Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8483-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Ringlander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia Gonzales","family":"Str\u00f6mberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joakim B","family":"Stenb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Abrahamsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Skoglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Castedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon B","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustaf E","family":"Rydell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Lindh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092316153466000_jiae045-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.01.002","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B: assessment and modification with current antiviral 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