{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:51:08Z","timestamp":1782175868148,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004756","name":"Emil Aaltonen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Finnish Society for the Study of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Maire Taponen Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare neurological condition associated with reactivation of dormant JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). In this study, we characterized gene expression and JCPyV rearrangements in PML brain tissue. Infection of white matter astrocytes and oligodendrocytes as well as occasional brain cortex neurons was shown. PML brain harbored exclusively rearranged JCPyV variants. Viral transcripts covered the whole genome on both strands. Strong differential expression of human genes associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, and neurodegenerative diseases was shown. Pathway analysis revealed wide immune activation in PML brain. The study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of PML.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T02:44:30Z","timestamp":1708137870000},"page":"e732-e736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring JC Polyomavirus Sequences and Human Gene Expression in Brain Tissue of Patients With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4511-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anni","family":"Honkimaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Suppula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Tynninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Saarela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sini M","family":"Laakso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iivo","family":"Hetem\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Liimatainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eeva","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: current insights","volume":"9","author":"Kartau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-017-0592-2","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the absence of immunosuppression","volume":"24","author":"Zucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad083","article-title":"JC polyomavirus modifies the expression of human microRNAs in PML brain","volume":"228","author":"Honkimaa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5699","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105699","article-title":"Rearrangement in the hypervariable region of JC polyomavirus genomes isolated from patient samples and impact on transcription factor-binding sites and disease outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Wilczek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010401","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010401","article-title":"Long-read sequencing reveals complex patterns of wraparound transcription in polyomaviruses","volume":"18","author":"Nomburg","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00856-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00856-20","article-title":"The dynamic interface of viruses with STATs","volume":"94","author":"Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13468","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b1 promotes MHC I antigen presentation of islet \u03b2 cells through STAT1-IRF7 pathway in type 1 diabetes","volume":"166","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004974","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004974","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of replicating Merkel cell polyomavirus genomes delineates the viral transcription program and suggests a role for mcv-miR-M1 in episomal persistence","volume":"11","author":"Theiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8811-9","article-title":"TYROBP in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"51","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.03.030","article-title":"Integrated systems approach identifies genetic nodes and networks in late-onset Alzheimer's disease","volume":"153","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12612","article-title":"Potential role of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1\/YKL-40) in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Connolly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-1723-x","article-title":"Frontal cortex chitinase and pentraxin neuroinflammatory alterations during the progression of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Moreno-Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39565","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039565","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-1 uses the mannose-6-phosphate receptor to cross the blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Dohgu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1815039","article-title":"Pembrolizumab treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"380","author":"Cortese","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024092316150054500_jiae066-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26512","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"93","author":"Boumaza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae066\/56907516\/jiae066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/230\/3\/e732\/59248478\/jiae066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/230\/3\/e732\/59248478\/jiae066.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T16:15:12Z","timestamp":1727108112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/230\/3\/e732\/7608187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae066","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]}}}