{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:57:23Z","timestamp":1780498643603,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YG2022QN070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2022QN070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLSB2022QN-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLSB2022QN-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81872274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immunopathological mechanisms underlying neurosyphilis remain incompletely elucidated, and the diagnosis of neurosyphilis presents challenges.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used an antibody microarray to detect 640 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from 6 patients with non-neurosyphilis and 10 with neurosyphilis. The levels of CSF CXCL1, CXCL8, G-CSF, LCN2, MMP8, and MMP9 in 46 patients with non-neurosyphilis, 51 with untreated neurosyphilis, and 31 posttreatment for neurosyphilis were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The associations between the levels of these proteins and clinical parameters in neurosyphilis were evaluated using Spearman analysis, and the diagnostic performance of these proteins in neurosyphilis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 102 differentially expressed proteins between neurosyphilis and non-neurosyphilis were identified. The levels of significantly elevated neutrophil-associated proteins (CXCL1, CXCL8, G-CSF, LCN2, MMP8, and MMP9) in neurosyphilis positively correlated with white blood cell counts, rapid plasma regain (RPR) titer, and protein concentration in CSF. The combination of CSF CXCL8, MMP9, and LCN2 yielded an area under the curve of 0.92 for diagnosing neurosyphilis, surpassing that of CSF RPR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CXCL1, CXCL8, G-CSF, LCN2, MMP8, and MMP9 could be associated with central nervous system damage of neurosyphilis. The combination of CSF CXCL8, MMP9, and LCN2 is a promising biomarker for diagnosing neurosyphilis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T20:24:06Z","timestamp":1709324646000},"page":"558-568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neutrophil-Associated Proteins as Novel Biomarkers Elevated in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Neurosyphilis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Cuini","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou XiXi Hospital , Hangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hangzhou XiXi Hospital , Hangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital , Huzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Third People's Hospital , Huzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital , Huzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou XiXi Hospital , Hangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aifang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou XiXi Hospital , Hangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092316155593300_jiae078-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07544-7","article-title":"Increasing incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections from 2010 to 2019: an analysis of temporal trends by geographical regions and age groups from the 2019 global burden of disease study","volume":"22","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024092316155593300_jiae078-B2","author":"National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China"},{"key":"2024092316155593300_jiae078-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00183.x","article-title":"Review: neurosyphilis: a historical perspective and review","volume":"16","author":"Ghanem","year":"2010","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"2024092316155593300_jiae078-B4","first-page":"168","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment guidelines of syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, and chlamydial trachomatis infection (2020)","volume":"53","author":"Centers for Disease Control by the Chinese Center for STD Control","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Dermatol"},{"key":"2024092316155593300_jiae078-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16946","article-title":"2020 European guideline on the management of syphilis","volume":"35","author":"Janier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2024092316155593300_jiae078-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000723","article-title":"Neurosyphilis: knowledge gaps and controversies","volume":"45","author":"Tuddenham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024092316155593300_jiae078-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03190320032011","article-title":"Neurosyphilis. 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