{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T06:35:21Z","timestamp":1788330921958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121C11529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121C11529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121C12339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121C12339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121C12246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121C12246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121C11513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121C11513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121C12279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121C12279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121C11909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121C11909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121C11519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121C11519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5UL1TR002243-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5UL1TR002243-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration &amp;lt;5 days from symptom onset and testing positive for COVID-19 among patients in a test-negative study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From October 2021 to June 2022, study sites in 7 states enrolled patients aged \u22656 months presenting with acute respiratory illness. Respiratory specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2. In blood specimens, we measured concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigens from the ancestral strain in standardized bAb units (BAU). Percentage change in odds of COVID-19 by increasing anti-RBD bAb was estimated via logistic regression as (1 \u2013 adjusted odds ratio of COVID-19) \u00d7 100, adjusting for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses, age, site, and high-risk exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 2018 symptomatic patients, 662 (33%) tested positive for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Geometric mean RBD bAb levels were lower among COVID-19 cases than SARS-CoV-2 test-negative controls during the Delta-predominant period (112 vs 498 BAU\/mL) and Omicron-predominant period (823 vs 1189 BAU\/mL). Acute-phase ancestral spike RBD bAb levels associated with 50% lower odds of COVID-19 were 1968 BAU\/mL against Delta and 3375 BAU\/mL against Omicron; thresholds may differ in other laboratories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During acute illness, antibody concentrations against ancestral spike RBD were associated with protection against COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T09:47:23Z","timestamp":1708595243000},"page":"45-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anti\u2013SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated With COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network, October 2021\u2013June 2022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey M","family":"Sumner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma K","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1904-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Sandford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5285-7725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devyani","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2336-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Y","family":"Tartof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine , Pasadena, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen J","family":"Wernli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute , Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily T","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3952-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjusha","family":"Gaglani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine\u2013Temple, Temple, Texas"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Texas A&M University , Temple, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0141-1760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H Keipp","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2329-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos G","family":"Grijalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7478-0415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward A","family":"Belongia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshfield Clinic Research Institute , Marshfield, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5205-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie R","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-8304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Rogier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-6251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa M","family":"Coughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Flannery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm3425","article-title":"Immune correlates analysis of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy clinical trial","volume":"375","author":"Gilbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"27","author":"Khoury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade9078","article-title":"Comparing antibody assays as correlates of protection against COVID-19 in the COVE mRNA-1273 vaccine efficacy trial","volume":"15","author":"Benkeser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B4","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02228-4","article-title":"Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters","volume":"29","author":"Khoury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2113151","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and the test-negative design","volume":"385","author":"Dean","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2014.966695","article-title":"Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Sullivan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxaa037","article-title":"Immune correlates analysis using vaccinees from test negative designs","volume":"23","author":"Follmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.053","article-title":"The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B10","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B11","first-page":"CD013652","article-title":"Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"11","author":"Fox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13029","article-title":"Effectiveness of two and three mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses against Omicron- and Delta-related outpatient illness among adults, October 2021\u2013February 2022","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13143","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13143","article-title":"Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against outpatient illness during widespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, US Flu VE Network","volume":"17","author":"Tartof","year":"2023","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7106a4","article-title":"Genomic surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 variants: predominance of the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants\u2014United States, June 2021\u2013January 2022","volume":"71","author":"Lambrou","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad069","article-title":"Kinetics of the antibody response to symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the blinded phase of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trial","volume":"10","author":"Follmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104739","article-title":"Use of dried blood spot samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection using the Roche Elecsys high throughput immunoassay","volume":"136","author":"Mulchandani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2022.113420","article-title":"Dried blood spots are a valid alternative to venipuncture for COVID-19 antibody testing","volume":"513","author":"Sims","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2020-0289","article-title":"Validation of dried blood spot sample modifications to two commercially available COVID-19 IgG antibody immunoassays","volume":"13","author":"Zava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0105422","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01054-22","article-title":"Evaluation of a multiplex bead assay against single-target assays for detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"10","author":"Mitchell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2022.105292","article-title":"Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody quantitative titer reporting using the World Health Organization international standard units by four commercial assays","volume":"156","author":"Zhuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis238","article-title":"Nomenclature for immune correlates of protection after vaccination","volume":"54","author":"Plotkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00630-0","article-title":"Immune correlates analysis of a phase 3 trial of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine","volume":"8","author":"Benkeser","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0261003","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261003","article-title":"Dried blood spot specimens for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing: a multi-site, multi-assay comparison","volume":"16","author":"Cholette","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0252621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252621","article-title":"Validation of a multiplex flow immunoassay for detection of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in dried blood spots","volume":"16","author":"Turgeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86008-5","article-title":"Self-sampling of capillary blood for SARS-CoV-2 serology","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0272783","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272783","article-title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in King County, WA\u2014cross-sectional survey, August 2020","volume":"17","author":"Cowgill","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2237522","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.37522","article-title":"Longitudinal household assessment of respiratory illness in children and parents during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"5","author":"de Hoog","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76913-6","article-title":"A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in at-home collected finger-prick dried blood spots","volume":"10","author":"Karp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01502-4","article-title":"Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection by race, ethnicity, language, and social vulnerability: evidence from a citywide seroprevalence study in Massachusetts, USA","volume":"11","author":"Matias","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23893-4","article-title":"Multianalyte serology in home-sampled blood enables an unbiased assessment of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"12","author":"Roxhed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2146798","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.46798","article-title":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity during the first and second viral waves in 2020 and 2021 among Canadian adults","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0236775","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236775","article-title":"At-home self-collection of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and serology: post-collection acceptability of specimen collection process and patient confidence in specimens","volume":"15","author":"Valentine-Graves","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac032","article-title":"Collaborative cohort of cohorts for COVID-19 research (C4R) study: study design","volume":"191","author":"Oelsner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2211314","article-title":"A COVID-19 milestone attained\u2014a correlate of protection for vaccines","volume":"387","author":"Gilbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024072520124744000_jiae090-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2902.221422","article-title":"Correlates of protection, thresholds of protection, and immunobridging among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"29","author":"Khoury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae090\/56962323\/jiae090.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/230\/1\/45\/58649510\/jiae090.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/230\/1\/45\/58649510\/jiae090.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T16:16:51Z","timestamp":1721924211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/230\/1\/45\/7613056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae090","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.09.21.23295919","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]}}}